AP Human Geography Review Summary

Introduction

• Summary video covers all seven units of AP Human Geography.
• Purpose: Quick review of main concepts for AP test or final exams.
• More detailed topic videos available on the channel.
• Ultimate Review Packet: Comprehensive resource with study guides, quizzes, and practice AP tests.
• Community Support: Discord server for student collaboration.

Unit 1: Thinking Geographically

Key Concepts

• Maps
  • Thematic and reference maps.
  • Map projections and distortion.
  • GIS (Geographic Information Systems).
• Research
  • Quantitative (numerical data) and qualitative (attitudes, beliefs) research.
• Spatial Concepts
  • Impact of technology on distance decay and connectivity.
  • Environmental determinism vs. possibilism.
• Scale and Regions
  • Scale of analysis: local, national, etc.
  • Types of regions: functional, perceptual, formal.

Unit 2: Population and Migration

Key Concepts

• Population Distribution
  • Influenced by economic, social, political, and environmental factors.
  • Population density types: arithmetic, physiological, agricultural.
• Demographic Metrics
  • Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Crude Death Rate (CDR), Natural Increase Rate (NIR), etc.
  • Population pyramids and demographic transition model stages.
• Theories and Models
  • Malthusian theory, neo-Malthusians.
• Migration
  • Push/pull factors, types of migration: forced, voluntary.
  • Effects on diffusion, acculturation, and cultural resistance.

Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes

Key Concepts

• Culture
  • Cultural relativism vs. ethnocentrism.
  • Cultural landscape and identity.
• Diffusion
  • Types: relocation, expansion (hierarchical, contagious, stimulus).
  • Historical diffusion: colonialism, imperialism, globalization.
• Religions and Languages
  • Universalizing vs. ethnic religions.
  • Language families, dialects, and diffusion impact.

Unit 4: Political Patterns and Processes

Key Concepts

• Political Entities
  • Nation, state, nation-state, stateless nations.
  • Autonomous and semi-autonomous regions.
• Colonialism, Imperialism, and Boundaries
  • Types of boundaries (relic, antecedent, superimposed, etc.).
  • Gerrymandering and voting districts.
• Political Power and Sovereignty
  • Unitary vs. federal states.
  • Supranational organizations and state sovereignty impacts.

Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land Use

Key Concepts

• Agricultural Practices
  • Intensive vs. extensive agriculture.
  • Commercial vs. subsistence agriculture.
  • Settlement patterns and survey methods.
• Agricultural Revolutions
  • First, second, and green revolutions.
  • Modern agricultural practices: GMO, monocropping, etc.
• Sustainability and Women's Role
  • Environmental impact and ethical debates.
  • Women's evolving roles in agriculture.

Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land Use

Key Concepts

• Urban Models and Theories
  • Central place theory, gravity model.
  • Urbanization trends and patterns.
• Urban Structure Models
  • Burgess, Hoyt, Harris and Ullman, Galactic models.
• Sustainability and Infrastructure
  • Urban growth boundaries, smart growth, and the impact of infrastructure.

Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns

Key Concepts

• Economic Sectors
  • Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary sectors.
  • International division of labor and offshoring.
• Globalization and Trade
  • Neoliberal policies and trade agreements.
  • Comparative advantage and trade benefits.
• Development Models
  • Rostow's stages, Wallerstein's world systems theory.
  • Economic indicators and gender roles.

Conclusion

• Comprehensive review preparation tips.
• Encouragement to use additional resources and community support.
• Final motivational note for exam success.