Okay, very good afternoon to everyone. I think people are yet to join. So, we'll just wait for 2 minutes and then then that time we'll just revise the ex uh the whole syllabus whatever we have done. Can you tell me Huh? Yesterday and otherwise also. Okay. H and gas and petroleum. Petroleum. So we did petroleum and then gas natural gas and electricity hydroele electricity H okay electricity mean what all we did in hydroele electricity thermal and nuclear till nuclear we have done okay so this is the topic of minerals that we were continuing so after that we will Continue with what topic? We will continue with the topic of topic. Now see still here we have done. Now I'll be sharing you the importance of the minerals that we have done broadly. We have done in the starting importance and everything but we will revise this chapter and then we'll go to the soils right we'll go to the soils why because because of this only this minerals right from where we are getting the minerals you're getting the minerals from the rocks rocks they just disintegrate and pomotles. Thank you. Okay. Next. Okay. So, non-conventional sources we have not done. Now, do you want to do non-conventional sources online students? Do you want to do the non-conventional sources? online students. Okay, done. Write down non-conventional energy resources. Write down the heading non-conventional energy resources. Chicken write down the first point there. Please come in the front. What happened to Rohan? Okay. Just take this one. Huh? This one. They are nonexhaustible. First is they are nonexhaustible. Second they are renewable sources of energy. The first one is they're non-exhaustible. So I don't need to explain this point right non-exhaustibility. Second is time time be on time. Okay. Next is second point. They are renewable sources of energy. They are renewable sources of energy. Third is Third is they do not cause they do not cause environmental pollution. Third is they do not cause environmental pollution and are freely available. And are freely available. energy. It is given to everyone in fair amount to each and every individual. Fourth, the energy resources the energy resources are in great demand. The energy resources are in great demand. But production of fossil fuels But production of fossil fuels is limited is limited. So non-conventional sources of energy So nonconventional sources of energy are the hope for are the hope for future. So non-conventional sources of energy are the hope for future. We are taking solar energy. The first one that we are taking is solar energy. Okay. What is solar energy? It is a photovaltttech technology. Okay. Write down photo voltech technology. Photo Walt technology that converts that converts sunlight directly into sunlight. directly into electricity. Sunlight directly into electricity. Solar energy. Solar energy. It is a photoype technology. Sunlight directly into electricity. We have abance of sunlight coming instrument electricity. Okay. Second, it is expected that it is expected that solar energy plant solar energy plant will be able to minimize will be able to minimize The dependence of ruler households on firewoods and dunk cake. on firewoods and dunk cake, which in turn will contribute to which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation. Environmental conservation. An adequate supply of an adequate supply of agriculture. Sorry, adequate supply of manure. Manure in agriculture. Third point, the largest solar plant of India. The largest solar plant of India is located at Madhapur. Is located at Madhapur. near BCH. Near BCH. To sterilize Near Butch. To sterilize milk cans. to sterilize milk cans. What is the point? The largest solar plant of India is located near Mujar. This is this might not be correct data. It can be one of the largest but might not be the largest. Why? Because after that lot many solar power plants has been installed in various places with the renewed with the advanced technology. For example, you have the there was a question on the floating power solar power plant which has been installed. Why the floating? Floating because it will not take up the space land space it will not take. And there was a question on this in prelims also. So there are various type of technology which has been used to install what solar power plants. Solar power plants easy then the other things they adding. Thank you. Okay. So they are adding all this. conventional sources of energy the trust that you have built on the solar energies if you have see I'm giving you a situation if you have 10 lakh rupees in account I think more than that payment and more than that maybe you are having like okay 40 lakhs in your account this is a more I would say wise decision right if in case you take that so what will happen electricing SUV What you will like to have online student this is for you also. I want to see how many people trust conventional sources of energy. Hiliff online students speed reason is this harsh other people. Achel Akansa Akancha you joined late. Aaa Akancha your matter has been solved. I have that they will share the video to you by today. Okay. electrical sing you guys are so I mean why because what happened electricity I can see lot of cases coming automatic system. I want to have a car where I I know where is the escape SUV SUV 300 XUV 300 there's a wonderful feature they have given that even if your central lock system there's a space What is what are you calling English? I don't know. What is called you not used to all this? Okay. I'll figure it out. I will research ma'am or drunk I guess. Please write down trunk or trunk or boot. Trunk or boot. Boot is correct. Okay. Boot. Okay. So you can have an escape because of this because lot of issues has been there. Although it is going to be all electric all the cars which are older than certain timeline huh 15 to 10 years based on if you're having a diesel or petrol use recently a person who was owning Mercedes. He sold his Mercedes only in two lakhs outside Delhi. Of course, Delhi outside he sold it in two lakhs. It must be of more than one CR Mercedes model and then he sold just because of this a good chance of getting these cars at low prices. So if somebody would ask me will you prefer I would say no me personally if I have to invest so much of money 10 lakhs 12 because it will amount to 12 lakhs that's all right now come to the wind power write down wind power So you can write the examples here itself. You add on write down wind power plant. Write on first point. India now ranks as a wind superpower. India now ranks as a wind superpower. India now ranks as a wind superpower in the world. The cost input. Second point, the cost input is only at the only at the initial stage. The cost inputs are only at the initial states stage and power generation and power generation start immediately after commissioning. And power generation start immediately after commissioning. Okay. Third point, once the generation starts, Once the generation starts, the cost free power is available for 20 years. The cost free power is available for 20 years. Fourth point, the largest wind farms The largest wind farms is located in Tamil Nadu is located in Tamil Nadu. From Nagar coil from Nagar coil to Maduray the largest wind farms cluster is located in Tamil Nadu from Nagar coil to Maduray. Next. Apart from this, apart from these Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh comma Karnataka comma Karnataka comma Gujarat comma Kerala comma Maharashtra and Lakshadi. have important wind farms. have important power down. Just look at the boat. Okay. There are places in the world which are having more wind as compared to other parts of the world. They having extreme winds and this wind needs to be harnessed. Right? For example, Ireland is the place where you're having extreme winds. Then some coastal place of USA. We have some islands there. In India for example in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu there's so much of wind which is blowing at a very large kilometer per hour. Right. But how we have to use it? So especially in Ireland if you see if you just get the time somebody just get the time deeply upable energy resources they are brilliant in this. Whether you talk about wind energy, whether talk about geothermal energy, you see what kind of work research they are doing on such topics and I'm going to tell you these are going to be the next technology but European countries they focus more on these subjects geography geography which applications place huge scope in European countries. Why? Because we actually see and look this subject is not a subject but something which can be applied and used to change the whole environment. There can be big change. There can be big big change in India. We do not take it very seriously unless you are preparing for UPSC. But you see in European countries how nicely and how importantly they are considering these subjects and huge amount of resources have been given on them. If you tell me they are island is working on this project where the installation of these will happen installation obviously will be okay and they will use this in order to generate the hello hello form of energy or energy simply energy for the electricity for other stuff. Okay. Similarly in Gujarat coast at Gujarat coast and Tamiladu coast they all are hello hello someday if you have chance or you really want to study go to these sites major projects around the world on wind energy on geothermal energy on solar power plant solar power plant with we are also great at it but they are Okay. Trust me on that. I do read even today. So it's like as if I have not eaten something. Brain requires reading at every age at any stage. right? Do you all agree with me? Right. The other one is also writing wind energy definition. You are also writing wind energy definition basics. stand out by writing the examples which even examiner doesn't know. He will be shocked how well this person knows his work. Human psyche newspaper. Next. Okay. Now write down bio gas. Next write down bio gas. First point shrubs. S H R U B S shrubs. Comma. Palms waste. Palms waste. Comma animals. Comma animals. Comma human waste are used to produce are used to produce bio gas are used to produce bio gas. Second, decomposition of organic matter. Decomposition of organic matter. Eat. Eat gas. Comma. Which has higher thermal efficiency? Which has higher thermal efficiency in terms of kerosene. In terms of kerosene, comma dunk cake. and charcoal. And charcoal. Third point. Third point. Bio gas plants. Bio gas plants are set up at are set up at municipals, cooperatives and individual level. Cooperatives and individual level. Fourth point. Fourth point. The plants using kettle dunk The plants using kettle dunk are known as gober gas plant are known as gober gas plant. First stop these provide these provide twin benefits. These provide twin benefits to the farmers. These provide twin benefits to the farmers in the form of energy and improved quality of in the form of energy and improved quality of manure. Now fifth, it burns without smoke. It burns without smoke and is the cheapest gaseous fuel. is the cheapest gaseous fuel. How many of you read the books other apart from this? Any philosophical book that you guys read? Anything? Anybody has an habit? Which book you you're reading? Any book that you can suggest? correct correct correct that is also good habit. Very nice. Akancha Aka can you suggest me some of the books? You all can suggest me aka Harshika Rakit. Okay. Whatever your genre is just keep on and keep reading. If you're following the pattern that's good. So you canrishna consciousness you can use those some terms online students can suggest me whatever they are reading and that that they found very good bio gas there is a pit that I will make inside the earth's crust Okay. Picture that I have dug deep down. Here you will put all the what? Waste in it. Right. What is that? Shs waste. All the waste materials basically you will put in that. Now you will cover it. Now you will cover it. Okay. This will go under anorobic restoration. What is anorobic? When the decomposition of the substance of the organic matter is happening is happening without the presence of without the presence of oxygen. We call it as anorobic respiration, right? It will decompose. It will take its time. You will add a pipe to it and this pipe will go to different households. Right? Now what will happen when the decomposition is happening? There's a release of gases. This gases is CH4 which is methane, CO2, carbon dioxide, SO2, sulfur dioxide and other gases are also been released. Okay. Although it is a extreme I would say pollutionfree method but still it will it I cannot say that it is 100% devoid of it pollutant only problem I read chanaka I like strategy oh wow that's very nice are you a psia student nakancha that is also a good recommendation Extra. No. Okay. If you would have been a PSI student then these would have social. Right. Right. So maybe excellent recommendation. Akansa has given Chanak and is also good strategy. Cautalia shastra chanak and kalia were same right and we cannot there are still mysteries about that whether they were same or not. But that hasn't been fully proved. That hasn't been fully proved. Chanaki and Kotalia are same or two different people. That has not been fully proved. Still there are speculations that they might not be seen because we don't have that's why we can assume it. Excellent. Good. Okay. So this is what we can release. release drawback that there will be a pungent smell. There will be a lot of smell because this is happening and on the same drawback Japan is working same drawback. So Japan has created a plant where all the biogas etc will be decomposed like this right your organic waste whatever it is there it will be decomposed like this but there will be no smell Japan is working on this technology okay go and search about all these things be aware drawbacks we are working we cannot neglect this is one of the one of the most important and most powerful way of producing the gases. But if this is a drawback, we can work on the drawback. No, we are evolving, right? Okay. Tell me what are the two advantages that we have. First bio gas released manure very good manure will be created which is can be used for agriculture and what else waste material can be used what we call it as reuse recycle and reduce this principle which which you call it as RR can be applied here and when you talk about what sustainable development it is a perfect example for it sustainable development goal can be achieved problem. Not doubt. Problem is doubt. Any doubt you have in this, take your time guys and ask me. You'll hear if you have any doubt. Mhm. They automatically get present there because of all the waste material is there. Okay. Have you written the plants using kettle dunga known as cobal gas plants? Okay. Done. Can we move to the next energy? Okay. Come to the tidal energy. Okay. STG concept is going to be is going on a bricks. So ma'am like what concepts will they might be discussing? I'm wondering. Huh? Akansa, you're right. There's a bricks there which is going to happen. No. Huh? Right. So what what topics they can discuss in SG which is very so previous time what we have very what agenda we have taken in bricks in 2024. See 2023 bricks time our prime minister was in Africa and at that time we launched what Chandrean at the same time so he called from the big summit only uh he did the video conference in August 2023 so 24 and then now it will happen so what can be the important issues yes it's a good question but related terrorism huh uh that could be get could be in one of the feature but that could be one of the feature for in the manifesto I'm not declining that but what can be the probable questions that they might ask or they might demand with respect to the sustainable goals sustainable development goals or SJ uh how many of you are following even I'm not I'll be honest even I'm not following too much Gada this thing Gada conflict etc right so I heard something which actually uh kind of not give me a good feeling. They were devoid of foods in Gaza. Have you heard about genocide? Genocide has already happened earlier also in World War two. Who has practiced this? Hitler is saying yes to I was I stopped probing much into this news because it is said I mean there's a theory whether it is actually there or it is not actually there because they said that the food did not arrive on time and there were people they trying to do genocide in Gaza and there were people Palestinian Ians who actually got devoid of the food and they were there hungry for many many days. Why the food did not arrive? What happened? That is something else. Many people have died because of the hunger. Israel is are Israel people are Jews. How many of you know that they all are Jews? Okay. And they came here only when World War II was happening. And before that also they had some issue. So they Britishers gave them this uh European they gave them this place. So this is what is happening. The title was also written like that. Is this a genocide in Gaza strip which is happening or if time when we all are so educated, we are so well aware, we know what were the consequences of the genocide of Jews at that time after that also if we are doing in this century. I think then we have to evolve a lot. We have to evolve a lot. I mean he was Hitler was so mad for Germans and the superior etc that he did that take care but we have to learn from what has happened in the past we can't repeat the cycle and it was very I don't know Hindu newspaper I got to read Hindu newspaper and did not what United Nations are doing then what are they for United Nations that this will not happen again right 1945 United Nation was formed because of this only that this should not happen again this is against humanity and this also comes into your sustainable development goal poverty hunger sustainable development Velment goals. UN. No. Ug. Number one. Number two. Number three. 1.1 1.2 2 1.3 So education no person should Yes. UNESCO. So no person person should uh sleep without food. I don't know what is happening there with Russia, Ukraine and even Russia is not stopping now. They are saying next down energy write down tighter energy. See in every form of waves waves like this. These are the waves. This is a high tide and this is a low tide. Okay. This is the high tide and this is the low tide. The high tide and low tide are having some differences of of what? Height. Tight like this. And when it comes back to what will happen there's a shift. Shift of what? Shift of energy. Shift of energy means there's a change in height. So when there there is a change in height, we can use this height difference, we can use this height difference in order to harness it and run our turbines and then create electricity. How many of you agree with this? Why tides are happening? They're happening because of mainly because of gravitational force of moon and also sun but so when the tides are so high the height is so high and when it is coming back so there is a difference of the height and when there's a difference of the height this height can be utilized in order to generate electricity. Now where this will happen this tight difference or tides will occur where they will occur in the places where you have the possibilities the the coastal areas where the tides are so high and so low. So you can harness and where there is pred periodicity of the tides which are coming are also predictable. 15 days, 16 days. So the periodicity of that is also quite predictable. Then you won't be able to do your task. You have to have a certain kind of pre required knowledge about the prior the city. Okay. Now write down about tidal energy. First point ocean tides can be used to generate Ocean tides can be used to generate electricity. Ocean tides can be used to generate electricity. Full stop. Floodgate dams are built across inlets. Floodgate dams. Flood gate dams are built across inlets. Inlex during high tide during high tide water flows into the inlets. During high tide, water flows into the hlets and gets trapped when the gate is closed. And gets trapped when the gate is closed. Full stop. After the tights fall out. After the tides fall outside the flood gates, the water retained by the floodgates flows back to the sea via a pipe that carries the power generating. that carries the power generating turbine that create that that uh carries a via pipe that carries it through a power generating that carries it through power generating turbine. Now write down in India Gulf of Kutch in India Gulf of Kutch, provides ideal conditions for provides ideal conditions for utilizing utilizing tidal energy. utilizing tidal energy. Please write down. Okay. So any doubt in this? Okay. We moving to our last one which is called as geothermal energy island because geothermal energy island. So they harnessing it. Write down geothermal energy. What is what are geothermals? First of all, tell me then only we'll be able to understand the energy. What are geothermal? Geo means earth. Thermal means heat. We have decoded. So, Gio means earth. Thermal means heat. What is geothermal energy? Huh? Huh? Why the heat is coming? If it's coming, what is the reason? No, no, nothing like that. There's nothing to do with sunlight. Ah, you're right now. Huh? Huh? So, what what happening is see there are some places in the earth's crust which are attached or maybe they are so thin or vulnerable that these are what cracks and from these cracks the constant heat is coming from inside magma. Magma is having what? Magma is having what? Heat. Okay. So, magma is coming out from the mental. Okay. This is a mental only. Let's the the crust is so thin like that. But if you see The cris can also be as thin as this. There's a possibility, right? And if there's a mental just next to it, can the magma cannot come from here like that? There's a big possibility it can. Who is stopping it? No one. It can come and flow like that. So there are places in India also in Hima where is this place? There's a place from M India. There's a hot gizer in India. What is this known as MC? Who can help me to remind it? Um, money. What is this place? Man, money, right? Manar, right? There's a place called Manikar. You will have that. But it is a gizer which is what it's coming out or if you go to go at that place in winters. So it look like very aesthetically good. It looked like a magic that something blessings are coming from gara etc. Though there is a blessing in gara definitely it is it is there I do believe in God but scientifically science which is what there is this magma heat from here heat is just going from this crack and coming out in the form of heat. Okay. Heat up spots. Hot spots. These are known as hot spots. Hot spots. Two type. A gizer or a hot springs. Hot springs and gizer. Okay. So these all are present here. Ireland may because the amount the way so many hotspots are there so they want to harness this and there's a make a project going in Ireland on geothermal energy done so this is what we are harnessing from inside we can heat to run our turbines and generate the electricity done Anybody has any doubt? Online students all set. All clear. Clear. Done. Now write down. Geothermal refers to Geothermal refers to the heat and electricity. The heat and electricity produced by produced by using the heat. Using the heat from interior of the earth. Underline the word interior of the earth. Underline the word interior of the earth. Done. Next point. Geothermal energy. Geothermal energy exist because Geothermal energy exist because the earth grows progressively. The earth grows progressively. Hotter with increasing depth. Hotter with increasing depth. Comma. Where the geothermal grading where the geothermal grading is high. Where the geothermal grading is high. Comma. High temperature. High temperature are found at high temperature are found at shallow depth. Shallow depth groundwater. Shallow depth groundwater in such areas. In such areas, it absorbs the heat from the rocks. It absorbs the heat from the rocks. and becomes hot. And becomes hot and turns into and turns into steam and turns into steam. Full stop. This steam is used to drive This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity. This steam is used to run turbines and generate electricity. I want you to hold on this uh point. Uh please understand this point. Geothermal energy exists because earth grows progress progressively hotter with increasing depth. See this what part we have discussed that as we go deep inside the earth it is becoming hotter. Why? Because of lot of pressure is here. So progressively increasing with increasing depth. Next point where the geothermal grading is high geothermal grading grading temperature. Please write down gradient means grading means temperature. Geothermal grading is high. Grading means temperature, high temperature are found at shallow depth. None shallow depth ground water in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks. Ground waterated rocks of energy or transfer of heat energy. Heat transfer grounds online students. Please let me know. Good. Please raise the hands of the people. Ael could be good. geography as a subject if you do it well geography and environment together environment together if you do and like the places I will tell in world geography 30 to 35 questions in pre Okay. Excellent. Excellent students. Done. Now write down two experimental projects. Two experimental projects have been set up in India. Two experimental projects have been set up in India. Full stop. One is located in the Parvati Valley. One is located in the Parvati Valley in money in Manikar. Parvati Valley in Himachal Pradesh. Manikaran is in Himachal Pradesh. There's a gara also here where if you visit your all wishes will get fulfilled and other is in the Puga Valley P UA. Other is Puga Valley P U G A in Ladak. In Ladak. Okay ma'am should we start our optional at this time? Uh I am planning to join. What's your suggestion ma'am? Akansa um for me I would always suggest students even if you're giving 26 or either 27 start your optional as soon as possible this is the right time I would say because you need to revise it also okay and you need to understand it also okay and whom you are planning to start uh this sociology option from Plutus is also no ma'am excellent she is excellent Dr. to um ma'am she has excellent record also uh when it with with respect to all the toppers she got a topper also this year and previous year also done you start ASAP even for the students who are planning optional start because it happens understand the cycle I will not tell you without evidence. I'll give you the evidence. Start July. It is July December it will stretch or maybe November December right this 6 month cycle you have to revise. If you're even planning 27, if you you will say the ma'am 27 26 because at least two and a half months. So this cycle you have to repeat. You have a buffer time to repeat the cycle at your own pace. Even if you do two chapters a day, then also you're good to go in revision. Okay? But this cycle you won't be able to get here. Okay? Therefore, start your optional ASAP. Now next question. Conservation of energy resources. Conservation of energy resources. Conservation. conservation of energy resources. Write down energy is the basic requirement. Energy is the basic requirement for economic development. Energy is the basic requirement for economic development. First stop, consumption of energy. Consumption of energy in all forms. Consumption of energy in all forms has been see conservation of energy in all form has been steadily rising all over the country has been steadily rising all over the country. has been steadily rising all over the country. Chicken tie down. There's an urgent need to develop. There's a urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development. Sustainable part of energy development. First of promotion of energy conservation. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable resources. An increased use of renewable resources are the twin plans are the twin plans. Concept part promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable resources. Energy resources are the twin planks. Planks is P L A N KS of sustainable energy. Okay. We have to adopt. We have to adopt a cautious approach for judicious use of for judicious use of approach for judicious use of for judicious use of our limited energy resources. Thank you. What method you can use? Conventional energy. Can you give me some See there are the different programs which are run by the government in order to save the energy. Right? One approach is this that the government is bringing all the programs related to it which everybody is following maybe in the terms of policy or act or any law which they are making. Right? So this is with respect to government which is done at the national and the state level. Now next is your individual level that you can do. So this conservation energy points can be divided based on that individual means your community based what methods you can use on individual uh uh individual basis what you can at individual level what you can change for example using of the energy resources in a very judicious manner. So individual level for government For example, so the recent thing has come that you can put the AC only at 20° right this is a recent one which has come before that there was what fivestar appliances earlier the stars didn't used to mention now the stars are also mentioned and also it is mentioned that how much energy you are conserving at every dishwasher you have air conditioners. So this is what has been mentioned. So this level the government is working a lot. So what what government has done? Energy conservation act. Energy conservation act. What is energy conservation act? You are saving on energy. Write down Energy Conservation Act 2001. Energy Conservation Act 2001 provides the legal basis provides the legal basis for the conservation of It Provides the legal basis for the conservation of energy. Okay. Including establishment of Bureau of Energy Efficiency. Including establishing of Bureau of Energy Efficiency. What is this Bureau of Energy Efficiency? It's a kind of an institute. Institution, right? Which is working on this thing. Okay. Next, write down energy conservation building code. Energy conservation building code. In the bracket, write down EB sorry ECBC. EC BC. Now, what is this ECBC? Write down the ECBC sets minimum energy performance. ECBC sets minimum energy performance standards for new commercial buildings for new commercial buildings. Comma promoting energy efficient promoting energy efficient designs and technologies. Energy efficient designs and technology. Okay. What else is left? Next, write down standard and labeling programs. Standard and labeling programs. This program mandates This program mandates energy. This is very important part for your means. Okay. This program mandates energy performance standards. This program mandates energy performance standards for appliances for appliances, manufacturing appliances, comma, comma, encouraging manufacturers. encouraging manufacturers to produce and consumers and consumers to purchase energy efficient products energy efficient products. Now there it is there in the market you have organic products right. So consumers that take the organic products take more products which are organic in nature or product size produc that you have to produce more organic products to dite individual effort consumers organic product are going to be better for your everything or producers That is the point. Now write down next. Promoting renewable energy. Promoting renewable energy. Promoting renewable energy. Write down. Government initiatives. Government initiatives often focus on often focus on incentivizing incentivizing the adoption of the adoption of renewable resources. incentivizing the adoption of renewable resources like solar and wind power. Comma. Reducing reliance on reducing reliance on conventional sources. Reducing reliance on conventional sources of energy. Reducing reliance of conventional sources of energy. So what we have written in this me incentivize our governments are in intense in incentivizing today also right what they are incentivizing on buying the electric vehicles if you buy what incentives you have got for buying the electric scooty that you have to what what they have given to you have they given some discounts incentive electric bikes I think it cost to around one lakh if I'm right you incentivize Indian Indian government is doing that they're incentivizing you don't have to pay the tax there's a certain amount that they are that you don't have to give like you don't have to give the full amount okay exactly to I even don't know but definitely there is they are incentivizing that you don't have to pay amount you have to there is some leeway that they are giving in this manner is saying government provide subsidies under scheme to ruler households a yes which is fine But electric vehicles. Okay. Search if there is an issue. Okay. See the government of India provides subsidies for electric vehicle through various schemes like fame 2 fme is full electric vehicle fame is faster adoption and manufacturing of electric vehicles in India which is fame two and production linked incentive schemes to encourage adoption and boost point important current and Then I will give you recent scheme. Write down the Indian government provides the Indian government's pro government provides subsidies for electric vehicles through various schemes. Through various schemes like fame 2 f a m e2. What is the full form of fame? What is the full form of fame? It is faster adoption. Faster adoption and manufacturing and manufacturing of electric vehicles of electric vehicles in India. of electric vehicles in India. Do scheme write down and production linked incentive scheme and production linked incentive schemes. Short is PLI. Short PLI. Okay. For what? It is used to encourage adoption and boost manufacturing. Uh and encourage adoption and boost domestic manufacturing. Next line. These subsidies these subsidies are primarily are primarily aimed at aimed at reducing the upfront cost of upfront cost of electric vehicle subsidies are primary prim primarily aimed at reducing the upfront cost of EVs EVs and EVs for consumers. A behavior changes comment please write down behavior changes. Right on behavior, behavioral changes and awareness behavior changes required that government is doing what they are doing. Have you heard about Have you heard about? What is that? Oh, what is Earth? Who all know about earth r this is what I'm writing I think people are earth r anybody knows about this on earth our day we conserve the energy for one hour we touch off the lights and we conserve the energy this is called ara google more about it research more about it. Go back to home online students you also yeah awareness here this is a way of it's not it's not of India this is not an initiative of India it is a world level initiative institution has taken this initiative international institution has taken this initiative that everywhere this earth will be celebrated that you have to switch off or switch if you want to do that more Then that that's your call but 1 hour you have to switch off right now. What is the behavioral changes and awareness? Write down first of all write down public awareness campaign. Public awareness campaign. Second second encouraging energy saving practices. encouraging energy saving practices. Third, promoting energy audits. Promoting energy audits. Next, green building practices. Green building practices. Okay. So that's all for today. So we have successfully completed the minerals and resources and we have done that very very thoroughly. Now tomorrow we will do soils. Why the soils? Because rocks. So there is a chain whenever you have to understand c certain things you have to understand in a chronological manner. What rocks are there? What minerals are there? Then you will understand the soil right and then you will understand what agriculture crops will be grown at this. Okay. Thank you so much. If you have any doubt you can ask. Now whatever you taught was static we have to supplement it with see akansa uh current affairs I think you wanted to write right uh see every time see this is an important question she's asking this is for everyone this is static now you have to also read current affairs energy resources you have done in topic in this topic now whenever energy resources current affair question your current affair news will come then you have to thoroughly go with that right you have to pick up the examples because you have to write the examples static questions Same static question is for making the basis for the base. I'm doing it for making the base for you. This is a fundamental topic mineral resources. Now you have to add on the points that with respect to minerals or with respect to other things what the government is doing. So it's a process for example these kind of news you have to add on automatically I'll add on Okay, this is how you're making the relevance between static and current so much. I think I I hope I'm I'm clear to you. Okay, done. Thank you so much class.