Lecture Notes: Importance of Torah and the Greek Influence

Introduction

• This lecture is dedicated to the memory of Sharon Moshe Aharon Vaknin ben Sa'da and for the success of Elazar ben Yeshurun.
• A prayer for the return of all hostages and the safety of soldiers.
• Hope for good news and salvation in the merit of Hanukkah.

Hanukkah and the Fall of Greek Empire

• Hanukkah is linked to the end of the Greek Empire's rule which lasted 180 years.
• Alexander the Great was the first king and started his conquests at age 20.
• Conquered the known world within 12-13 years, including the Persian Empire.
• Died at age 33, likely due to poisoning.
• Alexander's empire was unique due to his young age and quick success.

Encounter of Alexander and Shimon the Righteous

• Alexander came to destroy the Second Temple due to false allegations by the Kutim.
• Shimon the Righteous met Alexander wearing the High Priest's garments and persuaded him not to destroy the Temple.
• Alexander revered Shimon, claiming he saw his likeness winning battles for him.
• The meeting prevented the Temple's destruction by Alexander.

The Role of the Greeks and the Impact of Shimon the Righteous

• Shimon prayed for Alexander’s success, thus enabling Greek influence to spread.
• Greek culture brought philosophical balance against Jewish Torah knowledge, allowing for free choice.
• This balance was maintained until Greeks started banning Torah study.
• The Hasmoneans, descendants of Shimon, revolted to preserve Jewish tradition.

The Philosophical Landscape After the Greek Influence

• Greek conquest introduced philosophical thought, challenging Jewish Torah study.
• Shimon’s prayer ensured a balanced free choice for spiritual and intellectual growth.
• The destruction of the Temple was averted by Shimon’s strategic and spiritual intervention.

The Significance of Hanukkah

• Hanukkah celebrates the victory of Torah study and Jewish tradition over Greek suppression.
• The Hasmonean victory restored religious freedom and preserved Jewish learning.

Contemporary Reflections and Learning

• Emphasis on the joy and depth of Torah study as a counterbalance to secular temptations.
• The importance of maintaining a balance between worldly pleasures and spiritual enlightenment.
• Continuous learning and discovery within Torah study are crucial for maintaining faith and choice.

Conclusion

• The significance of free choice and the balance between spiritual and secular is a theme in Jewish history.
• Current offerings like the David series and the 'Beyond the Segula' series enhance understanding and engagement with Torah.
• Encouragement to engage with learning, promising blessings and success in life through Torah study.