The hematologic system is complex and vital for the integration of all body systems, ensuring functioning and homeostasis.
It includes processes like clot formation, dissolution, oxygenation, and transport mechanisms.
Functions of the Hematologic System
Clot Formation and Dissolution: Involves the formation of a platelet plug and the administration of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs which are high-risk medications.
Oxygenation: Essential for normal cellular metabolism and to prevent cell death.
Transport: Blood's transport mechanism unites all body systems, maintaining wholeness and connectivity.
Components of Whole Blood
Plasma:
Accounts for 55% of whole blood's volume.
Comprises 92% water, 6% plasma proteins, and 2% solutes.
Formed Elements: Solid components of blood including platelets, leukocytes (white blood cells), and erythrocytes (red blood cells).
Platelets (Thrombocytes) are crucial for clotting.
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) vary in types but are essential for immune defense.
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) carry oxygen throughout the body.
Albumin
Plays a key role in oncotic pressure and the transport of substances within the intravascular space.
Normal levels range from 3.5 to 5 g/dL.
Hypoalbuminemia can cause edema and affect perfusion and blood pressure.
Ions and Solutes
Include positively charged ions like potassium, sodium, and calcium, critical for cardiac conduction and metabolic processes.
Nutrients and Waste Products
The blood carries essential nutrients and is crucial for the elimination of waste products, affecting organ balance and homeostasis.
Regulatory Substances
Hormones play significant roles in bodily functions, with abnormalities leading to disease.
Blood Cells Details
Platelet Counts: Normal ranges from 150,000 to 350,000.
Leukocytes: Important for identifying infection; normal range is 5,000 to 10,000.
Erythrocytes: Carry hemoglobin; each cell contains about 300 hemoglobin molecules, essential for oxygen transport.
Spleen and Liver Functions in Hematology
Spleen: Filters blood and stores old blood components.
Liver: Manufactures plasma proteins like albumin and prothrombin, and bile for fat digestion.