Provides a detailed account of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, focusing on the entry of the Spanish into the city, the reception, and interactions with Moctezuma.
Describes the city, its people, culture, and Moctezuma's lifestyle.
Key Events and Descriptions
Entry into Mexico
Spanish led by Cortés entered Mexico City via a causeway.
Received by large crowds, including Caciques and chieftains sent by Moctezuma.
Moctezuma's arrival: carried in a rich litter, escorted under a canopy by Caciques.
Ceremonial greetings between Cortés and Moctezuma.
Moctezuma's rich attire and entourage.
Interaction with Moctezuma
Cortés and Moctezuma exchanged gifts; Cortés gave a necklace, and Moctezuma welcomed him warmly.
Cortés expressed joy at meeting Moctezuma and showed openness to sharing cultural beliefs.
Moctezuma's response included historical context and acknowledgment of forewarnings about the Spanish.
Spanish Lodgings
Spanish were lodged in a palace with accommodations and resources, considered by locals as dwellings for "Teules" or gods.
Moctezuma demonstrated hospitality by providing food and ordering his stewards to cater to the Spanish needs.
Cultural Observations
Moctezuma's Court and Daily Life
Moctezuma's appearance, demeanor, and cleanliness noted.
His meals were elaborate, involving numerous dishes and intricate serving rituals.
Use of cacao as a drink, and tortillas made with various ingredients were staples.
Post-meal customs included inhaling tobacco.
Entertainment and Crafts
Moctezuma kept jesters, dancers, and artisans (goldsmiths, feather workers).
Distinct crafts and skills prevalent in society, with notable artistry and craftsmanship.
Religion and Rituals
Strong religious influences, with many idols and temples described.
Human sacrifices were common, and their remains were given to animals or used in rituals.
Spanish attempts to introduce Christianity met with resistance from Moctezuma.
Markets and Economy
Tlatelolco Market
Described as vast and diverse, offering goods including textiles, food, slaves, and more.
Well-organized with officials overseeing trade.
Use of cacao as currency and means of exchange.
Architecture and Urban Planning
City Infrastructure
Tenochtitlan described as highly organized with canals, bridges, and causeways.
Houses had flat roofs, and temples resembled fortresses.
Notable structures included Moctezuma's palace and the great Temple of Huichilobos.
Temples and Idols
Visits to various temples revealed numerous idols, each with distinct purposes.
Human sacrifices and associated rituals were central to religious practice.
Spanish reaction to idols and rituals was negative, often viewing them as devilish.
Summary of Spanish Impressions
Spanish were both impressed by the city’s grandeur and disturbed by the religious practices.
Bernal Díaz expresses a mix of awe and disdain for the practices and the splendor of the Aztec society.
The narrative reflects on the audacity of the Spanish conquest and the perceived divine protection in their endeavors.