take a look at the structures of the brain that you're responsible for learning for your nervous system practical we're looking at a view of the inferior portion of the brain would be the superior portion of the brain the first structure to i identify as a gyrus so gyrus is singular gyri that would be plural and then we're going to identify a sulcus or a sulci so again sulcus is singular sulci is pleural to do this i'm going to remove the model from the base and we're just going to use kind of one half of the model to identify some of these structures so when you take a look at the brain the first thing you want to do is orient yourself and this structure right here is always going to be a posterior structure so we know this is the posterior portion of the brain this is the anterior portion of the brain which means that this portion here is going to be the lateral portion of the brain gyrus is so when you look at the brain you see all this kind of convoluted tissue these pieces of convoluted tissue are known as a gyrus more than one of them would be a gyri sulcus is going to be a shallow groove that separates a gyrus from another gyrus so this here would be a sulcus this would be a sulcus this would be a sulcus more than one of those would be a sulci cerebral hemisphere right and left so hemisphere means half circle if i put the model back together we can see that we're looking at a superior view of the brain here these are two half circles so this would be the right cerebral hemisphere and the left cerebral hemisphere separating those two hemispheres is a very long deep groove called the longitudinal fissure we see the longitudinal fissure here we turn and we look at the brain laterally we're going to see another fissure it's going to separate important areas of the brain and that is the transverse fissure and to identify the transverse fissure we see this very deep groove here separating those cerebral hemispheres from these hemispheres which are cerebellar hemispheres so this is the transverse fissure the central sulcus and the lateral sulcus so again i'm going to just use one half one hemisphere here the central sulcus is going to be a groove a sulcus that runs largely [Music] continuous from the longitudinal fissure which is here it's going to run fairly continuously all the way down to this sulcus here which is the lateral sulcus okay so again central sulcus lateral sulcus the next structure to identify is the frontal lobe so the frontal lobe excuse me the next structure to identify or the next two structures are the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus so the pre and the postcentral gyrus are going to be gyri or gyruses gyri that lie in front of and behind the central sulcus so on this model if we're going to call this the central sulcus then the post-central gyrus would be here behind the central sulcus and the pre-central gyrus would be here in front of the central sulcus how do we know that this is behind the central sulcus and this is in front of the central sulcus because again we're going to use this as our posterior structure so we've got central sulcus a largely unbroken groove that runs all the way to this lateral sulcus the gyrus in front is our precentral gyrus the gyrus behind is our post central gyrus let's identify lobes now so we're going to identify the frontal lobe the occipital lobe the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe the frontal lobe is going to be the brain lobe that lies in front of the central sulcus so if we're identifying this as our central sulcus this would be the frontal lobe this is the parietal lobe the occipital lobe is the most posterior brain lobe back here so this is our posterior lobe and then our temporal lobe is going to be a lateral lobe that sits just inferior this is our lateral sulcus just below the lateral sulcus we have our temporal lobe the corpus callosum so what i'm going to do here is i'm just going to use the other half of the brain model to identify these additional structures in your word list we see the corpus callosum here we see the thalamus so this structure here is the thalamus the hypothalamus is this structure here hypo meaning below so if this is the thalamus this would be the area below the thalamus where the hypothalamus the septum pellucidum is this structure here the olfactory bulb the olfactory lobe to see that we're going to kind of flip this part of the brain model and look at it inferiorly and if we put the other half together we see these our olfactory lobes are olfactory bulbs have to do with the olfactory nerve which is one of your cranial nerves the optic chiasma so to see the optic chiasma we're going to need to kind of zoom in a little bit here and these are our optic nerves and as the optic nerves are transmitting signals from the back of the eye to the brain there is a crossing of these nerves and that's the optic chiasma it's going to sit kind of behind this gland here which is our pituitary gland so pituitary gland sitting right behind the pituitary gland is this kind of x-shaped crossing of some of the fibers of the optic nerve and that is our optic chiasma