this video is going to focus on acids and bases pH is the concentration or amount of hydrogen ions in a solution yes it's written that way with a small p and a capital H when water ionizes or splits into ions you have the hydrogen ion or h+ and the hydroxide ion or LH minus the h+ represents acids and the o h- represents bases acids have a range of 1.0 to 6.9 bases have a range of 7.1 to 14.0 if the pH is 7.0 then the solution is pure water as you move further and further away from 7 like towards 1 or toward 14 the pH becomes stronger as you move closer to 7 it becomes weaker so a pH of 2 would be a strong acid a pH of 8 would be a weak base acids are usually sour to the taste and bases are bitter are you one that locks warheads or lemons and limes citrus fruits produce a lot of citric acid so they are sour baking soda water is bitter but can help settle an upset stomach if you drink it the formulas for acids always begin with h+ and will release those ions into the solution when dissolved in water the more they release the stronger the acid if you see on your screen we have hydrochloric acid hydrobromic acid and phosphoric acid bases always end in O h - and will release those ions into the solution when dissolved in water on the screen we have lithium hydroxide potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide you are not responsible for those formulas buffers are chemicals that maintain a certain pH blood is around 7.4 which is a relatively weak base however if the pH changes too much the body will respond if the blood is too acidic or too basic damage can happen as it moves through the body so to compensate for that change the body will produce a buffer it will return the body pH back to 7.4 if it can't something bad usually happens this is the end of chapter 2 please feel free to re-watch any or all of the videos is necessary and email me if you have any questions