hi everybody my name is precious and this is coal College I will be talking to you about measurements today we'll start with the definition what measurements is so the definition that we have is measurement is a process of finding an amount of physical quantity by measuring it h when we talking about physical quantity we mean um things like length which means how long something is from one end to another and the units for that if we using the metrix system is your millimeter CM M and kilometers but if you're using the imperial system like you know the one that they use in America uh then we're talking about inch foot yard and the mile another physical quantity is the area so area means the amount of two Di space occupied by a shape um if you see there I have one shape just that the other one is in two Dimension the other one is in three dimension but we're talking about the two dimensional space that is occupied by this particular shape um so if we have a side um which is in millimet then the area will be in square millim or millim squar it's important that you have that two at the Top If if the side is in ctim then um the area unit will be in cm squared if the side is in meters the area will be in met squared if the the side is in kilometers then the area will be in kilomet squar so even if they ask you in an exam just remember to put that two at the top because that shows what you've been calculating is area the other one is mass uh most people call it weight but scientifically that's not correct so we going to talk about mess uh mess is the amount is the amount of matter a thing consist of um for instance you want to go and buy uh some fruits at the supermarket and you know you go there and you take maybe just want five of them but it doesn't show the price so when you put it on the scale it will tell you the price based on on on the mess of these fruits so if we're using the metric system then weight or mass is measured in milligram or gram or kilogram and then the imperial system is the ounce the pound and the ton then the other one is volume the other physical quantity is volume or capacity so these uh terms volume and capacity are interchangeable um capacity we Define it as how much quantity a container can hold and then volume is the amount of space a 3D shape takes up capacity is measured in millit lit and Kil or when we use the imperial system that would be your pint your cut and then your gallon but volume is measured in cubic cm or cubic millim or cubic meter um and then please note again here when we differentiate it from the area a volume is it's a cubic um so we're going to say cubic cm where whereas area we'll be saying um square cm or CM squar so volume has the three but area has the two just differentiate these two it's important another physical quantity that we will measure is time uh time it just means you know ongoing sequence of events so you can use the clock back in the day they to use the hour class um and then what are the units these are seconds minute hour day week month year decade and um okay I made a mistake there it's actually decade um the hour H Century Millennium the other physical quantity is uh temperature so when we're talking about temperature are we talking about a measure of how cold or hot something is you know you know remember Co time I think in other places they still doing this where they'll have to measure um and record down your temperature and if it's above a certain um H CES and then it means yeah there's something wrong with you you need to be checked sometimes with babies when they are having fever and then you measure them you find that no it shs up to 39° or 40° and by the way if a child is at is is is recording that temperature it's important that you take them to the ER um the units that we talking about then is Celsius uh you're going to see it by that little circle with a c that's the unit and then Fahrenheit which is the little ccle again with an f um those are the units that are being used there are others called the cin but then the common ones are these two so when we're talking about conversions we talking about H now we're dealing it's where we're dealing with the units because you see how do you move from millimeters to centim how do you move from milligram to gr how do you move from milliliters to liters so we need to convert these units uh depending on on on what is it that we are measuring exactly okay we're going to start with uh the conversion of length the conversion of length would remember we said it's the millimeter the ctime the meter and the kilometer um so if you're moving from millim to CM you have to divide by 10 but why do we divide by 10 okay we need to start this way 1 cm equal 10 mm so if you have 1 cm you already know that okay I have 10 m mm even if you can take ruler um it is using cm and the other side with the short spaces in those those lines that has short spaces those are millim so where there's 10 mm then you'll see it in line with one cm where there's two 20 mm it's in line with 2 cm um but the way you have to understand it is this one if you're moving from The Big Unit which is say for instance the kilomet you're moving 2 m or you're moving to CM or moving to millim then you have to multiply by if you move but if you're moving from millimet and moving to the bigger unit then you have to divide so the smaller unit down to the bigger one you divide but the big units down to the smaller one you multiply just yeah you need to know this these conversions are important that you have to know them like to know your name uh the next unit is mass remember we have milligrams we have grams we have kilog and the ton these ones you just multiply by thousand if you're moving from the small unit to the bigger um from The Big Unit to the smaller one I sorry and then if you're moving from the smaller one to the bigger one you just divide but um I just need you to notice that these are just thousands there's nothing unlike the length where sometimes you multiply by 10 sometimes by 100 these you just Mig to G is 1,000 G to kilog is 1,000 kilog to a ton is th000 okay um and then units of capacity remember these ones also go uh with a volume they just interchangeable so from milliters to a liter you divide by a th000 from a lit to a Kil you divide by a th000 again um if you from Kil to a liter you have to multiply because now you're moving from a bigger H unit to a smaller one so you are multiplying all right here this is the volume I was talking about which is quite tricky if I may say but it's not that tricky uh the only thing is you will see as I'm doing a calculation just to show you why I'm saying sometimes it's bit tricky is because most most Learners most few Learners um make a mistake of you forget that this is a a cubic unit so everything you multiply Itself by three hence you see that from Mill going to CM Cub you divide by 10 to the power 3 from cm to a meter you divide by 100 to the power 3 just think of it as length remember from length to CM we divide by 10 but now it's from millim Cub you divide by 10 cubed from CM Cub you divide by 100 Cub from M Cub you divide by 1,000 Cub because sometimes you may be asked um to have these uh units interchangeable so when we look at if you have 1 ml just know that 1 ml is 1 cm Cub but we've got 1,000 ml it's the same as 1,000 CM cub and you see it's 1 ml 1 cm so 1 1 it's the same 1,000 ml 1,000 CM CU 1,000 this side and 1,000 that side the only thing that is that is different there is the milliliter with the CM you just have to hold that in your you have that you just need to have that in your mind um another one then 1 Kil is 1 m Cube so everything's the same the only thing is just have it in your head the back of your head Mill CM Mill CM Cub M CM cub and then Kil M Cub um that's just that now when we we're going to make an example here you have to find the volume of the cubed in cm Cube so now we've been given 1 m 1 M and another 1 M so you need to change this meter into CM Cub you know so you're changing the the the the what is it you converting um M Cub to CM Cub but remember we know that 1 M we know that 1 m is 100 cm right we know that okay so now does that mean now that 1 m Cube will be 100 m Cube no it's not like that in fact remember this is volume 1 M will be 100 cm so that one side it will be like that but then now remember you have to multiply it by the other side so be 1 * 1 which is going to give you me squ it means the other side for the centimeter you'll be saying 100 * 100 which is going to be giving you cm squ and then now um once you to finish the whole volume formula it's going to be 1 * 1 which is a m Cub will be 100 * 100 * 100 cm Cub which actually gives us 1 million CM Cub so 1 M Cub is the same as a million CM Cub all right H okay here's another one so what happens if now we need to find the volume of this cube in cubic M so we've got one side which is 2 m what will be the whole volume if they just give you one side as 2 m what's the whole volume I guess you understand that you're going to multiply one side by the other and then and the and the other one which is going to give us 8 cubic M all right I hope you understand that um another conversion that we need to look at is the unit of time remember when it comes to time it's we have seconds we've got minutes we've got hours we've got days weeks U months decades centuries and Millennium okay in in in this one again if the unit is big like a millennium and you want to go to the smaller unit you multiply and then if from the small unit like the seconds you want to go to the bigger unit you have to divide so 60 seconds is equal to 1 minute so if you got 60 seconds and they say how many minutes is 60 seconds it means you have to divide by 60 and then you're going to get a minute but if you got a minute and then they want to know how many seconds are in a minute then you multiply by 60 that's the conversion you need to know um the last one is um the temperature uh so remember we said the units are Fahrenheit and then we've got the degre Celsius so let's say they want you to convert um de Cel they want you to convert them to De fenhe they've given you de celius they want you to convert that temperature to Fahrenheit so what you do you're going to use this formula 1.8 times the de celius temperature that they've given you plus 32° and then if you they they've given you H Fahrenheit and they want you to convert that temperature to de celius then you're going to say these Fahrenheit minus 32° IDE by 1.8 so you're just playing with the with the formula the you changing the subject of the formula yep so I hope uh you understand um this just uh foundational knowledge you need to know uh when it comes to measurement please don't forget to share with your friends so that um they can also benefit