hi in this video we're going to continue our set of videos looking at what was happening pre-war to the changing lives of the german people we started out looking at workers women young people and last video we were looking at persecuted groups and in particular we were looking at the nazi racial policy and we were saying that nazis saw really two groups of people uber mention that superhumans the aryan strong germans and the uber mention who they saw as sub-human and in particular the one group that they really focused on were the jews and in this video i'd like to look at how jewish persecution changed from 1933 19 so how did jewish persecution change in the years up to the war now it's a really important point to understand and the really important point to understand about these pre-war years is that jewish persecution builds year on year and it does so quite slowly to start with and then it ramps up towards the war it's really important thing to understand that the nazis didn't come into power immediately and start murdering jews however they did come into power immediately and start persecuting jews in horrific ways that builds up slowly and evolves over time to the point where when they enter the war that's when the holocaust truly does begin now the nazis used their and anti-semitic myths that we looked at last lesson to justify persecuting the jews in a variety of ways and the jews in this period were persecuted horrendously firstly they were socially excluded from german society so signs like this one here and this is a metal sign were put up often in parks shops restaurant road signs and they said things like this jews not wanted here so if you were jewish at the time there was a really obvious visual sign that you were not wanted in part as part of the german society you can imagine how people would have felt as a result additionally publications hugely persecuted the jews we already talked about in a previous video dormer or the nazi newspaper and the nazi newspaper dash derma which was their tabloid regularly published anti-semitic cartoons and in those papers jews were presented in really quite awful ways and made to look like they were evil in this case an evil spider attacking an aryan woman jews were also physically persecuted and that built over these years these years 33 to 39 and they were persecuted in different ways so in this example here you can see a jewish lawyer whose name was michael siegel and he was forced to walk through the streets of eu in munich in 1933. barefoot because he was complained about essay brutality and rather than listening to his valid concerns instead he was humiliated on the streets of germany so the nazis persecuted the jews in these ways but the biggest way that they persecuted jews was through law and in those six years before the second world war there were literally hundreds of laws that were passed to basically persecute the jewish people i'd like to look at the pattern of those laws immediately as soon as the nazis take power in march of 33 jewish lawyers are banned from conducting legal affairs and jewish judges are immediately suspended from office now it doesn't take a genius to work out that jews are essentially being excluded from the legal system this means that jews no longer can fight for their rights and complain this happens immediately in the next couple of years there are lots of laws that are passed now some of these that you'll notice in this list seem quite trivial and silly so for example jews are excluded from choir jews are excluded from the german chess federation jews or jewish musicians aren't allowed to practice jewish writers aren't allowed to engage in any form of literary activity now to you that might seem quite trivial but if you imagine at the time what that must have felt like that would have been really awful at that time and some of these things seem quite trivial but the nazis were clearly clearly testing the water with the german people they what they were doing was passing these what seemed like quite trivial laws to see the reaction in the german population and when the german population didn't react hugely to it partly through fear and partly because they've been won over by nazi propaganda jewish legislation or anti-jewish legislation ramps up and the biggest turning point really is in september of 1935 with the nuremberg laws and if you remember one or two things from this video the nuremberg laws are one of the things i want you to remember because the nuremberg laws were really important because jews were no longer citizens they're no longer citizens of germany they're just subjects they have no rights at all marriages between germans and jews are now punishable by imprisonment and really this establishes the nazi racial ideas as a legal thing a legal proper law so that nuremberg law was a turning point after this turning point you see lots of anti-semitic laws that are now ramping up in terms of their severity so in the years between 36 and 38 you can see that there's some things here that are actually getting worse and worse in 36 jews have got to hand over all their electrical equipment their bicycles their typewriters their records so already they're being stripped of their assets german jewish vets weren't allowed to practice anymore jews were forbidden from obtaining a doctorate so they were basically excluded from university and they're banned from including in things like the red cross so they're purposely being excluded more and more from society so again you can see this pattern this is building in terms of its severity 1938 was an absolutely fundamental year for this and it was a fundamental turning point in that persecution for jewish people got worse and again you can see it here so for the first time jewish doctors are now not allowed to practice on anyone who was not jewish any jewish street names in german towns are completely changed and then in 38 you get something about identity and really importantly the nazis are imposing an identity upon jewish people so from august of 1938 male jews had to add the name israel and female jews had to name add the name sarah to their first names and jewish passports in october was stamped with a j so jews have been excluded from society and now they're being forced to have a very different identity from the rest of the population this led into november of 1938 the november of 1938 was a horrific month for jewish people in germany because this is one really famously crystal knocked happens and crystal knacked is one of the second things i want you to definitely remember from this video the nuremberg laws and crystalline act to me are those big turning points in this story crystal knacked in german really simply means the night of broken glass because across germany the sa the ss and other people including ordinary germans suddenly turned on jewish people and overnight what was a story of persecution through legal means now turns into really much more about physical persecution and over these two nights at the start of november of 1938 this happens 267 synagogues across germany are completely destroyed seven and a half thousand jewish businesses are smashed like the one you can see before you 91 jews were murdered and 30 000 jews are arrested and put into the concentration camps and this is the moment really where jewish people suddenly become much more significant in terms of those population of those camps so let's go back to our timeline and as you can see november of 1938 really until september 39 which is when the second world war begins laws become worse and worse and worse jews are banned or excluded from vast number of different elements of german society and then clearly into 1939 things get you even worse where their assets are stripped and their means of escaping germany are removed so no february of 1939 they had to hand over all of their jewellery gold silver anything of any value anything of any value in april of 39 lots of jews were evicted from their homes without really a reason being given and then in september of 1939 they're no longer allowed to leave their houses before 8 p.m this story is a story of increasing persecution what begins with some trivial things in 1933 in terms of chess clubs ends up six years later with jews being completely excluded from german society and treated like a second-class citizen so to go back to the question that i wanted to answer in this video how does it persecution change it gets worse it gets a hell of a lot worse and it means that jews are further excluded from german society bit by bit this is laying the foundations for what will become the holocaust once that war has begun