Webinar on Production Logging Tools

Introduction

• Moderator: Jama Tarn Dzic
  • Master's student in Petroleum Engineering at University of Houston
• Guest Speaker: Engineer Maria Laticia Vasquez
  • BSc in Mechanical Engineering
  • 19 years of experience in Sjer within Wireline organization
  • Roles: Field Engineer, Case Toll Logging Instructor, Domain Champion for Well Integrity Production Logging, and Perforation

Overview of Production Logging

• Production Logging: Wellbore measurement to understand the sources and quantities of oil, water, and gas produced
  • Identifies issues like water production from different zones, poor cementation leading to unwanted water entry

Reasons for Conducting Production Logging

• Evaluation: Assess production profile and zone productivity
• Monitoring: Track changes in production profile over time
• Diagnosis: Identify problems like high water cut, gas break-through, and cross flow
• Production Enhancement: Plan workovers and changes in completion
• Leak Detection: Identify issues like packer leaks or tubing leaks for remedial actions

Tools and Sensors Used in Production Logging

• **Primary Measurements: Quantity of oil, gas, and water; Velocity of fluid; Diameter of the casing

  • Spinner (Flow Meter): Measures fluid velocity
  • Caliper: Measures diameter of the casing
  • Hydrocarbon Sensors: Measure hydrocarbon presence
  • RTD (Temperature Sensor): Measures temperature
  • Pressure Gauge: Measures wellbore pressure

• Basic PLT String: Pressure, temperature, gamma ray, spinner, and caliper**

Logging Methodology

• Shutting Condition: Well is static; measure fluid levels and detect cross-flow
• Flowing Condition: Well is open and producing; measure stable flow profiles to identify fluid entries

Interpretation and Key Concepts

• Single-Phase Scenario: Downhall profile determined straightforwardly
• Multi-Phase Scenario: Requires measurement of the hold-up of different phases and slipage correlations
• Importance of Accurate PBT Data: Key to accurate interpretation

Flow Regimes

• Laminar Flow: Velocity max/2; Spinner reads max velocity; rare in oil fields
• Turbulent Flow: Needs velocity profile correction factor; common in oil fields
• Reynolds Number: Determines flow type; less than 2000 (laminar), more than 2000 (turbulent)

Calibration and Data Analysis

• Spinner Calibration: Tool velocity vs. spinner RPS to convert rotational to linear velocity
• Threshold Velocity: Important for accurate interpretation
• Zero Flow Region: Identified below perforations or isolated by plugs

Practical Challenges and Advanced Tools

• Deviation: Affects accuracy; leads to fluid segregation and recirculation
• Advanced Tools: Flow Scan Imager for detailed measurements in deviated wells

Real-World Applications and Examples

• Gas Lift Mandrel Activity: Identify active mandrels using spinner, temperature, gradi manometer, and gas hold-up sensors

• Fluid Entry from Perforations: Determine active perforations and type of fluid using spinner, hold-up sensors, and gradi manometer

Conclusion

• Importance of holistic well history data
• Calibration and selection of appropriate models
• Holdup sensors: Gradi manometer, electrical probe, and optical probe for accurate multiphase measurements
• Real-time examples highlighting practical applications

Q&A Session

• Career Overview by Engineer Maria Vasquez

  • Started as Wireline Field Engineer in Egypt
  • Experience in Oman, Scotland, and Sudan
  • Current role: Senior 3 Production Services Domain Champion

• Discussion on technical complexities in velocity and Reynolds number

Thank you for attending the webinar and participating in the Q&A session with Engineer Maria Laticia Vasquez.