Heimlich's History: The Articles of Confederation

Overview

• Aim: Explain the relationship between key provisions of the Articles of Confederation and the debate over federal vs. state power.

Origin of the Articles of Confederation

• Drafted after 1776 when American colonies declared independence from Britain.
• Each of the 13 states created its own constitution.
• Need for central government for international treaties and trade led to the Articles of Confederation.
• Functioned as the first constitution of the United States.
• Debate over whether it was a true constitution or a treaty.
• Designed to avoid tyranny similar to British monarchy.

Structure and Strengths

• Weak central government; states held most power.
• Avoided tyranny of a powerful central government.

Weaknesses of the Articles

1. Government Structure:

   • Only one branch: Congress.
   • No Executive or Judicial branches.

2. Amendments Process:

   • Required unanimous agreement (all 13 states) for changes.

3. Taxation and Revenue:

   • Congress lacked power to raise tax revenue.
   • Had to request states for funds, which often failed.

4. National Currency:

   • No unified currency; each state had its own money.

5. Military Power:

   • No national army; states could not be coerced to contribute to a national force.

Shay's Rebellion

• Economic hardships post-Revolutionary War exacerbated by inflation and taxes.
• Veterans, especially farmers, weren't paid their dues.
• Daniel Shays led a rebellion of 1000 farmers in Massachusetts.
  • Rebellion crushed by state militia.
• Highlighted the inadequacies of the Articles:
  • No presidential authority or national army to assist states in crises.
  • Raised concerns about potential widespread uprisings.

Conclusion

• Shined a light on the Articles' weaknesses and inefficiencies.
• Led to discussions on drafting a new constitution.
• Sets the stage for future changes in American governance.