Cold Urticaria: Overview, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Overview

• Cold Urticaria is a rare allergic condition triggered by exposure to cold temperatures, resulting in rashes or hives.
• Can be associated with underlying diseases like blood cancer or infections.
• Two types:
  • Acquired Cold Urticaria: No family history, symptoms appear quickly post-exposure.
  • Familial Cold Urticaria: Hereditary, symptoms appear after a longer period.

Symptoms and Causes

• Causes: Release of histamines in response to cold; exact mechanism unknown.
• Symptoms:
  • Rash, hives, itchiness, redness, swelling after cold exposure.
  • Severe cases might include fatigue, fever, headache, joint pain, fainting, heart palpitations, anaphylaxis, shortness of breath.
• Not Contagious: Though associated with transmissible infections.

Diagnosis and Tests

• Cold Urticaria Test: Ice cube placed on skin to observe reaction.
• Familial Diagnosis: Might require longer exposure to cold.
• Blood tests may be used to identify underlying conditions.

Management and Treatment

• Avoidance of Cold: Primary preventive measure.
• Medications:
  • Antihistamines to counteract histamines.
  • Epinephrine for severe reactions, often via auto-injectors (EpiPen).
• Desensitization: Gradual cold exposure, guided by healthcare providers.
• Other Treatments: Omalizumab injections, antibiotics.

Prevention

• Avoid cold temperatures, food, and drinks.

Outlook / Prognosis

• Symptoms often self-resolve post-exposure, yet can require treatment.
• Condition may cease in a few years or persist lifelong; lifestyle changes aid management.

Living With Cold Urticaria

• Self-Care:
  • Avoid cold water and food.
  • Test water temperature before swimming.
  • Carry medications as needed.
  • Avoid cold exposure; wear warm clothes.
  • Ensure someone is present during potential exposure.
  • Inform healthcare providers about the condition, especially before medical procedures.

Conclusion

• Cold urticaria requires careful management and proactive measures to prevent severe reactions.
• Consultation with healthcare providers is crucial for effective management and treatment.

For detailed guidance and support, visit the Cleveland Clinic's health services.