so one of the terms we should look at is gingival margin okay so gingival margin uh is basically this area right here okay so what i'm drawing over here this is actually the gingival margin it's like the outline so the outline of the gum is your gingival margin another thing i want you guys to know is what is your alveolar mucosa so i know this is not the greatest picture but you see how this person is stretching their lip up and this part over here so kind of this area over here that i'm shading is your alveolar mucosa so it's basically the under it's not exactly under the lip because under the lip is your label mucosa but closer i go further down that over here is your alveolar mucosa and i'll see if i can find a better picture later on but your alveolar mucosa is further down now i apologize for the pictures that i have here i'm trying to use uh pictures that are not copyrighted so that they're not from the textbook so i'm just making i'm taking pictures i'm drawing pictures i'm using pictures that are that i know are completely free uh from you know unsplash which is a a website where you can get free pictures that is not you know you don't have to worry about the copyright issues so bear with me while i try to explain this using the pictures that i do have uh free access to and i don't have to worry about the copyright part okay so i'll be rolling my co-size the part that's like underneath um your lips was actually not really underneath your lips because that's your labrador mucosa that goes way down there way underneath your lip that's your alveolar mucosa three gingival group so three gingival group is what i'm going to do is i'm actually going to erase this over here and i'm going to go over the huge integral group so if we change full group i'm actually going to draw it um and i'm going to draw it in a dashed line okay so the three changeable groove is basically an imaginary line that's separating the free gingiva and the attached gingiva okay so let's look at this this over here so the shaded area over here is known as your free gingiva and the reason why it's called your fridge in java is because it's free from the tooth i can stick a probe in there and um this area of the gum is not attached to the toot the attached gingiva is the one above okay so in the light pink that's your attached gingiva and that is attached hence the name attached in japan right it is the gum that is stuck on to the two george with the root okay so three gingiva is the one that's loose that's not stuck onto the toot attached injured is the one that's stuck onto the tube so let me imagine a line separating the attached gingiva from the free gingiva and that imaginary line that we're looking at that dash line that we're looking at that is known as your free gingival group it's basically um it's actually kind of like an indent or a depression again you can't see it i can't see it but there is a groove that's separating the free gums from the attached gums and let me look at the muco gingival junction and this is very prominent in this picture over here you see this line over here that's separating the the light pink from the dark pink that is your mu co-gingival junction so remember junction is where two areas meet okay so junction is where two areas meet so let's actually look at this where is this word coming from and where is this word coming from well let me tell you gingerbalcon from the word gums right so this is your gums and muco i want you to think of alveolar mucosa when you see this one this word alveolar [Music] okay so this whole thing over here is your alveolar mucous that's like really close to the um it's not again it's not under the lip but it's further down and this whole thing is your alveolar mucous size dark red your alveolar mucosa has a rich blood supply that's why it's so dark and red because there's lots of blood supply there and then the gingiva comes from this part over here your gums so junction is where they to meet so your muco gingival junction is right here because this is where your alveolar mucosa and your gums meet so right over here with this black line is that's where they meet and that is known as your muco gingival junction okay so let's look at the free gingiva here so as we said um if i draw this line over here this is your free gingiva which is right here the pink over here and again it's located coronal or above the cej so really what that means is um your cej might kind of be like right right over here so the cdj might be here and your gum is located coronal or above the cej okay so imagine like this is the root this is your ceja and this over here is your enamel so your gum is located coronal or towards the crown or above the ceja and it's kind of hugging it like a turtleneck that's what that means here and i can probe in this area and it'll be free the gum the probe will let me go into the sulcus and sulcus which we'll talk about i think later on is basically i'll show you another picture this is right over here this over here is your sulcus so when i stick my probe in over here it's entering the sulcus so this over here is known as your gingival sulcus okay so it's that area that can enter in between the tooth and the gums that area that you can enter is your gingival slug so on the outside this is your free gingiva but on the inside if i were to stick my probe in i am going inside the sulcus all right now your attached gingiva is this area over here and what's interesting about the attached gingiva is that again we know it's stuck onto the tooth right stuck on to the the cementum that's underlying the toot and its widest in the incisor and molar area so like this to this it's pretty wide but if i go to the premolar area which we cannot see but imagine the premolar areas over here it's more narrow so it's widest in the incisor and also the molar area which is further back but in the premolar region so i know this is the central this is the lateral this is the canine but if we go back one more we'll hit the premolar region and it's the attachment is not as wide there why is this important it's important because at some point you're going to learn how to measure the attached and so it's just something to note that you're in the incisors you have a wide attached gingiva whereas in the premolar we have a very narrow width of the attached gingiva another thing to note is that the attached gingiva is only found on the outside on the facial surface but if i were to look inside in the palette you don't we don't measure the attachment around the palette so we only measure the attached gingiva on the outside or facial surfaces or in buccal surfaces now if you look at this person's gum over here i'm just going to zoom in do you guys think that this black thing that we're looking at here let's okay this will have to do do you guys think that this black gums that we see over here is that considered healthy or not i'm just i'm not looking at the overall gum i just want you guys to see black area over here healthy or unhealthy so if you said that you think that this is just the black area is is normal or healthy you you could be you could be correct what i'm what i'm trying to get at is that the darker skin you are so when you're looking at your patient if he or she is darker skin you're going to see some black sometimes even brown pigment like we see over here and the pigment um it's not something we should be concerned about it's not cancerous it's not doesn't mean that it's unhealthy no it's just pigment you know some people have more pigment in their body than others and the trend that we see is that the darker your skin the more pigment you'll have in your gums so the attached gingiva will be pigmented okay so this is a test question uh free gingiva is not necessarily pigmented but the attached gingiva could be pigmented so if this person was a darker person individual we would see pigment such as this black pigment on the attached gingiva another thing to note is stippling is present now i don't know if you can see it it's hard to see but stippling is kind of like an orange peel appearance i'm trying to draw this but basically you would see dots all around the attached gingiva and that dot would represent stippling so stippling is um seen in healthy gums so when we were looking at healthy gums we would see stippling the gums and stippling again it's just dots you see it's like an orange peel appearance so to do that what you would do is you would take a gauze and you would dry the gum gently and then you would see those dots you would see those stippling and stippling is usually present in healthy gums all right now let's look at interdental gingiva so interdental gingiva is getting razor and erase all this so that we don't confuse ourselves okay so when we're looking at the word interdental enter okay so this word over here enter means in between so this is this so these are all interdental gingiva or in between teeth so inter means in between dental means teat so gums that are in between the teeth and so these circle areas are interdental gingiva there's also another word for it anyone think of what word that could be if you said papilla you would be correct so facial this is known as a facial papilla because it's towards the beige if i were to look at the inside okay so the inside interdental gum or the inside gum in between the teeth on the inside would be the lingual outside facial propeller inside lingual propeller okay and one of the we like seeing incidental gums we like seeing interdental gingiva because if we didn't have it food would easily get stuck in between the teeth so this comes prevent the interdental gum prevents the food from getting packed in there okay we kind of talked about the gingival sulcus which as we said is the area in between the tooth and the gum so here is the two tears the cementum here's the bone the pink is your gums the white is your connective tissue which we'll talk about later on but this area over here which is between the um gum and the tute this area over here is known as your gingival sulcus something like that over here as well do you guys know where the junctional epithelium is junction i'm going to highlight it functional epithelium is right here the base of the pocket so the base of the sulcus is your junctional epithelium so if i were to probe here my probe would stop over here and when my probe stops over here that is your junctional epithelium so the base of the sulcus or the bottom of where i'm you know where the end is at the bottom of where that gum hits is known as your junctional epithelium all right we'll move on to gingival core so here we see etude and i'm gonna see oops sorry okay so we see a tube over here okay and this is your gums so when we're looking at this area over here the area that is um if you look at the gums you can see a valley-like depression you can see that indent that i've kind of highlighted in black that is known as your coal okay and it's just basically found when you have two teeth touching together and you look at the cross section you'll see an indent over here and that indent is known as a core so if in here we can see two teeth are you know fairly close together let me just undo this so here we see two teeth that are fairly close together and i'm gonna see if i can draw them um a little bit more closer together because oh my gosh what is happening here let's go back okay so so we have one dude over here and another two over here so here the two teeth are touching and then if you look at the gum over here and if you had to go to a cross section of the gum over here it would have a depression-like valley like depression basically and that is known as your cold now you will not see a coal if we have um a large space between the two teeth it is only present when two teeth are very close together you also will not get cold when there is recession so recession is when the gums have gone down so if the gums have gone down you will not see this depression just things to keep in mind something really cool is called the gcf or the gingival curvacular fluid so in everyone's mouth there is uh some fluid that we see inside our actually we don't even see it we can't see that we have gcf but there is fluid that is inside our sulcus or inside our gums and when you have a healthy mouth you don't have a lot of gcf you don't have a lot of fluid but when you have a unhealthy amount so when you have a disease mode when you have gingivitis or periodontitis that is when you'll see a lot more gcf a lot more fluid and there's ways to test it out which we'll look at later on but just something interesting to note