Lecture on Observational Gait Analysis

Introduction

• Presenters: Tracy and Will
• Lecture series focus: Observational gait analysis
  • Discussing the why and how
  • Advantages and disadvantages
• Future topics: Systematic approach to performing gait analysis
• Required material: JAKC observational gait analysis form
  • Available on website and YouTube description

Definition and Importance

• Observational gait analysis
  • Observing a patient's gait to identify deviations from normal patterns
  • Essential to understand what a normal gait looks like
  • Aids in identifying impairments or functional deficits

Applications

• Wide range: video, photos, apps, and direct observation
• Focus of the lecture: Clinician's direct observation

Pros of Observational Gait Analysis

• Easy to perform anywhere
• No special equipment needed
• Can be done in small spaces

Cons of Observational Gait Analysis

• Qualitative measure: lacks a quantitative score
• Research evidence is poor
• Transitory: No permanent record unless documented immediately
• Reliability and Validity concerns
  • Reliability: Consistency of a test
    • Inter-rater reliability: Agreement between different observers
    • Intra-rater reliability: Consistency of the same observer
  • Validity: Ability to measure what it is supposed to measure

Combining Observational Gait Analysis with Other Assessments

• Completes the clinical picture with:
  • Subjective history
  • Objective measures (range of motion, strength, etc.)
  • Outcome measures (e.g., Berg balance score)
• Provides functional insight into patient conditions

Upcoming Topics: Gait Analysis Forms

• Research uses forms despite poor reliability and validity
• Useful for learning and systematic analysis
• Organize information by anatomical area and gait phase

Gait Analysis Tips

1. Prepare the Patient

   • Ensure visibility of joints
   • Remove heavy clothing or baggy pants
   • Consider removing assistive devices safely

2. Global Assessment

   • Initial overview of patient's gait
   • Observe speed, stability, step length, support

3. Specific Assessment

   • Systematic approach: toe-to-head evaluation
   • Use multiple angles (lateral and anterior-posterior)

4. Select Reference Limb

   • Focus on the problematic side
   • Perform separate analysis for bilateral issues

5. Review and Plan

   • Familiarize with the form before starting
   • Plan the approach (top-down, bottom-up)

6. Mark the Form

   • Use the checklist format
   • Document any additional observations

Conclusion

• Next lecture: Deep dive into the JAKC observational gait analysis form
• Objective: Provide focus and guidance using a simple format
• Reminder to take a break before the next session