Metabolism: Sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism.
Comprises two processes: catabolic (breaking down molecules) and anabolic (building up molecules).
Microbial Metabolic Diversity: Allows microbes to thrive in diverse environments: Antarctic ice, deserts, hydrothermal vents, human body, compost bins.
Energy Sources:
Chemotrophs: Use chemicals (organic or inorganic) for energy.
Phototrophs: Use light energy.
Types of Chemotrophs
Chemoorganotrophs (Chemoheterotrophs):
Use organic compounds; common in labs.
Obtain energy through oxidation, trapping energy as ATP.