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In hypovolemic shock, why is lowering the head of the bed recommended?
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To help increase blood flow to the brain by using gravity.
What are the typical signs and symptoms of late-stage septic shock?
Mental confusion, low systolic blood pressure, low body temperature, high WBC count.
What are standard initial treatments for septic shock?
IV fluids and antibiotics.
What condition can be a complication of neurogenic shock and requires immediate attention?
Autonomic dysreflexia.
What is the significance of monitoring capillary refill in shock patients?
It is a sign of good perfusion and stabilization of blood pressure.
What is a key intervention for neurogenic shock, and why is it important?
IV normal saline to improve tissue perfusion; critical due to potential hypotension.
Why is low blood pressure significant in the context of shock?
It is a classic sign indicating severely low BP due to inadequate perfusion.
How does neurogenic shock typically present in terms of skin condition?
Warm, pink, dry skin.
Why is it crucial not to delay administering vasopressors in shock management?
Delays can lead to inadequate perfusion pressure and worsen patient outcomes.
What metabolic process occurs in the initial stage of shock and why?
Anaerobic metabolism occurs due to insufficient oxygen in the blood.
How often should epinephrine be administered in anaphylactic shock if symptoms persist?
Every 5-15 minutes.
What are the benchmarks for monitoring fluid management in shock treatment?
Maintaining MAP >65 mmHg and CVP between 2-6 mmHg.
What are the signs of cardiogenic shock following myocardial infarction?
Severe hypotension and weak heart pumping.
What is a priority exam sign for the progressive stage of shock?
Cold, clammy skin.
What is the main characteristic of shock that leads to organ failure?
Decreased tissue perfusion, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to organs.
Which physiological systems are activated during the compensatory stage of shock?
The sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system.
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