time check it's english o'clock [Music] english teacher nihuan [Music] i made learning english easy for you please like comment and subscribe hello everyone nandito natal sahuling lesson para is the third quarter and this is about parallelism [Music] our target most essential learning competency for this video is use parallel structures let's start definition of terms monetaryo let's begin with the word parallel what is parallel parallel is an adjective that means being everywhere equidistant o ibig sabihin same distance apart at every point and not intersecting [Music] it these are parallel lines [Music] now this time let's define parallelism what is parallelism parallelism in english grammar is also known as parallel structure it is when phrases in a sentence have similar or the same grammatical structure in its most basic usage parallelism provides a phrase with balance and clarity it also serves to give phrases a pattern and rhythm it is the repetition of two grammatical form in two or more parts of a sentence determine which is correct it is better to give than receiving or it is better to give than to receive simple is beauty or simplicity is beauty the correct answers in these two pairs of sentences are those with parallel structure so allen and my parallel structure let us try answering the simple exercises which word among the following has a different grammatical form number one dig cook dance singing [Music] this is the only word in ing form and the rest are all in the base form of verb now to make singing parallel with the other words we just have to change its form to make it similar to the others tatangalin langnatin an ing to change it to its base or basic form are also known as infinitive verb [Music] sing so we have dig cook dance sing [Music] took [Music] which word has a different grammatical structure [Music] the word waits is different because it is the only verb in simple singular form while the rest of the verbs are all in the past form how can we make it parallel just like the rest of the group of words simply lang an past form [Music] waited so now we have locked ate took looked waited [Music] last one for this exercise which word is different beautiful simple intelligent actively lazy [Music] grammatical structure tama the word actively is different because it is an adverb while the rest of the words are adjectives obama parallel or maginka into active so we have beautiful simple intelligent active lazy these are examples of adjectives which are used to describe a noun or a pronoun this time from groups of words he applies [Music] i like to jog bake paint and watch movies letter b i like to jog bake paint and watching movies letter c i like jogging baking painting and watching movies just take a closer look on each sentence observe if there is a pattern or repetition let us see if you answer this correctly [Music] sentence a and c have parallel structure why just take a look at the word pattern in letter a the verbs jog bake paint and watch are all in basic or infinitive form capacity infinitive form this is a form of verb that is usually preceded by two like to jog to bake to paint but it is not always preceded by two kaya i infinitive to jog verbs in infinitive form [Music] parallel now sentence c also is parallel because the words jogging painting and watching are the same in form all are in ing form parallel sentence b is not parallel take a look at these words jog bake paint and watching [Music] which word is different [Music] infinitive form except from the word watching which is in ing form sotandan when a series is composed of verbs do not mix forms for example mixing an infinitive a verb beginning with two with a gerund a verb form ending in ing breaks parallel structure so dapat [Music] let's proceed [Music] parallel words on the word level a noun should be grouped with other nouns an adjective with other adjectives and so on again take a closer look into these sentences letter a the company is looking for a candidate who is friendly organized meticulous and is going to arrive to work on time letter b the company is looking for a candidate who is friendly organized meticulous and punctual sentence a is not parallel sentence b is parallel the words friendly organized meticulous are all adjectives because they are used to describe the relative pronoun who which refers to the noun candidate meaning these three words have the same grammatical structure while is going to arrive to work on time is obviously different because it is a phrase expressing an idea in the near future not parallel whereas if you are going to replace it with the word punctual like in sentence b adjective phrase adjectives parallel phrases remember parallel structure should be used to balance a series of phrases with the same grammatical structure for example avoid mixing noun phrases with verb phrases letter a initial trials showed that exposure to the chemical caused memory problems intermittent dizziness and prevent sleep letter b initial trials showed that exposure to the chemical caused memory problems intermittent dizziness and insomnia now is sentence a parallel the answer is no just look at the underlying words memory problems intermittent dizziness are both noun phrase whereas prevent sleep start with the verb for a verb phrase b is parallel because insomnia is a noun [Music] parallel clauses parallelism is also applicable to a series of clauses in a sentence letter a the report card stated that the student often talked in class that he bullied other students and rarely finished his homework letter b the report card stated that the student often talked in class that he bullied other students and that he rarely finished his homework letter b here is parallel because all the underlying clauses start with that and we call them that clause while sentence a is not parallel because the clause rarely finished his homework doesn't start with that instead it starts with an adverb rarely so we call it adverbial clause lists after a colon a list that follows a colon should always have parallel elements now this time read the given sentences silently and try to find out what makes the sentence on the left not parallel while these sentences on the right are parallel not parallel mainstream economists have attributed the recession to several key causes the regulation policies spike in interest rates manufacturing orders declining and the emergence of asset bubbles parallel mainstream economists have attributed the recession to several key causes the enactment of the regulation policies despite in interest rates the decline in manufacturing orders and the emergence of asset bubbles mainstream economists have attributed the recession to several key causes the regulation policies high interest rates low manufacturing orders and asset bubbles parallel construction in pairs use parallel construction when a sentence contains a pair of connected ideas pairs can be connected by coordinating conjunctions which include end nor but or and yet not parallel she planned to collect data by either using an online survey or phone interviews parallel she planned to collect data by either using an online survey or conducting phone interviews she planned to collect data through either online surveys or phone interviews from these examples lagging tandem phrases adverb phrases [Music] noun phrases noun phrases adverb phrases lang convert phrases just like what is shown in the given example [Music] use parallel structure when a pair of ideas are linked by a correlative conjunction such as not only but also either or and neither nor not parallel his paper argues that the distinctive divergence in the two artists styles was not only shaped by their mutual rivalry but also because of the idiosyncratic taste of patrons parallel his paper argues that the distinctive divergence in the two arctis styles was shaped not only by their mutual rivalry but also by the idiosyncratic taste of patrons the same rule applies to pairs connected by a word of comparison such as over then or as outlines and headings headings that divide a paper into sections should be parallel likewise parallel structure should be applied to elements in paper outlines those on the left are not parallel because number three is a verb phrase and number four is an adverbial phrase while number one and two are noun phrases whereas on all items on the right are noun phrases which makes them parallel maintaining parallel structure helps you avoid grammatically incorrect sentences and improves your writing style although lack of parallelism is not always strictly incorrect sentences with parallel structure are easier to read and add a sense of balance to your writing [Music] balika natin and pinakita determine which is correct [Music] it is better to give than receiving or it is better to give than to receive next simple is beauty or simplicity is beauty [Music] kagaya no sabina the correct answers in these two pairs of sentences are those with parallel structure so alinsa are my parallel structure it is better to give than to receive [Music] an infinitive verb not to give and to receive in the next pair the correct answer is simplicity is beauty [Music] because the word simplicity is a noun same with the word beauty but simple is beautiful this is also parallel because both simple and beautiful are adjectives again to achieve parallelism there must be the same grammatical structure among the elements in your sentences simple uses of parallelism create readable and understandable passages sentences are best understood when structured in a grammatically parallel fashion mapping parallelisms songs poems speeches at ibapa dahilmus nagigin [Music] be so did you learn something today sure no split if you want more of this video tutorial and learn english in a light speed walk kalimu tang muk subscribe and turn on a notification button updated lessons an english teacher in iwan class dismissed see ya you