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The Fascinating Depths of Ocean Exploration
Jul 7, 2024
Exploring the Ocean - The Last Mystery on Earth
Introduction
Planet's Mystery
: Despite the feeling that we know Earth, many areas remain unexplored, especially under the oceans.
Proportion of Earth Covered by Water
: More than 70% of Earth's surface is composed of oceans, most of which are unexplored.
Unknown Marine Life
: There are estimates of more than 2 million marine species, with 90% still undescribed.
Fear and Fascination with the Ocean
Thalassophobia
: Fear of large bodies of water, especially the deep ocean.
Ocean Depths
: True abysses, often more frightening than we can imagine.
Initial Exploration
Comparison with Learning New Skills
: Exploring the ocean is compared to learning a new skill—challenging but rewarding.
Ocean Depth
First Meters
: Up to 2 meters you can dive without equipment, but beyond that, oxygen cylinders are needed.
Limit of Recreational Diving
: A maximum of 40 meters for safety reasons.
World Diving Record
: Just over 300 meters.
Military Submarines
: Operate at depths around 400 meters.
Exploration Challenges
: Pressure, darkness, and cold.
Ocean Zones
Bathypelagic Zone (1,000 - 4,000 meters)
: Total darkness and some horrifying life forms like the blobfish and colossal squid.
Abyssal Zone (4,000 - 6,000 meters)
: Home to bizarre creatures like the melanocetus johnsonii.
Hadal Zone (6,000 - 11,000 meters)
: Includes the Mariana Trench, the deepest point on Earth (11,000 meters).
History of Submarine Exploration
Early Studies
: Archimedes and the buoyant force.
First Submarines
: Leonardo da Vinci and Cornelius Drebbel in the 17th century.
Modern Development
: Compressed air, diesel, and nuclear engines enabled new military strategies and exploration.
Conquest of the Mariana Trench
: Trieste, commanded by Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh in 1960.
James Cameron
: Director of Titanic, descended to the Mariana Trench in 2012.
Limiting Factor
: Modern submarine that performed approximately 20 trips to the seafloor.
Challenges of Ocean Mapping
Map Resolution
: Maps of Mars have a resolution of 5 m/pixel, while maps of the oceans have 10,000 m/pixel.
Mapping Methods
: Use of sonars and variations on the water's surface.
Seabed 2030 Initiative
: Project to map the entire seafloor by 2030 with high precision (3 m/pixel in busy zones).
Benefits of Ocean Exploration
Benefits
: Can facilitate the search for wrecks, internet cable installation, understanding ocean currents, tsunami predictions, etc.
Scientific Progress
: Fundamental for the advancement of science and human exploration. Can lead to discoveries that save lives.
Conclusion
Last Frontier on Earth
: The seafloor is the last unexplored frontier on Earth, full of mysteries and potential for new discoveries.
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