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Diagnostic Tests for Cardiovascular Issues
May 16, 2024
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Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests - Summary
Presenter
Cathy, Level Up RN
Topics Covered
Overview of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Procedures
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Echocardiogram
Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)
Hemodynamic Monitoring
Coronary Angiogram (Cardiac Cath)
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Provides a graphic representation of the heart's electrical activity.
Useful for diagnosing a variety of heart conditions.
Additional resources: EKG flashcards and video playlist.
Echocardiogram
Uses ultrasound waves to visualize cardiac structures, especially heart valves.
Measures ejection fraction (normal: 55-70%).
Reduced ejection fraction indicates heart failure.
Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)
A more detailed view of cardiac structures via a transducer placed down the esophagus.
Conducted under conscious sedation.
Hemodynamic Monitoring
Provides direct measurement of pressures in the heart and great vessels through an arterial line.
Measures include:
Central Venous Pressure (CVP): 2-6 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP): 4-12 mmHg
Cardiac Output
Coronary Angiogram (Cardiac Cath)
Used to determine blockages or narrowing of coronary arteries.
Procedure:
Catheter inserted at femoral artery and threaded to the heart.
Pre-Procedure Nursing Care
Patient NPO for 8+ hours.
Assess for allergies to iodine and shellfish (though evidence on this is mixed).
Assess kidney function (creatinine and BUN levels).
Mark distal pulses (dorsal pedis, posterior tibial).
Post-Procedure Nursing Care
Check insertion site for bleeding.
Check extremity distal to insertion site for pulse, capillary refill, color, and temperature.
Monitor vital signs per facility policy:
Every 15 min for the first hour.
Every hour for the next four hours.
Encourage increased fluid intake to flush out contrast dye.
Patient should lay flat for 4-6 hours.
Quiz Questions
What procedure uses ultrasound waves to visualize cardiac structures and measure ejection fraction?
Answer:
Echocardiogram
What lab values are used to assess a patient's kidney function prior to a cardiac cath?
Answer:
Creatinine and BUN (Creatinine is more important)
How should a patient be positioned after a cardiac cath?
Answer:
Lay flat for 4-6 hours.
Next Steps
Next video will cover dysrhythmias.
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