The Evolution of the American Presidency

Introduction

• The United States was a bold experiment with a democracy.
• Created a government of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
• The presidency became a symbol of the nation's hopes and challenges.

Formation of the Presidency

• George Washington became the first president on April 30, 1789.
• The presidency was a novel idea since most countries had monarchies.
• The debate on how much power the president should have was intense.

Constitutional Convention

• Delegates had different views on presidential power.
• The president was meant to be a figurehead with limited power.
• Presidency contrasted with Congress, which was supposed to represent the states.

George Washington's Presidency

• Washington was unanimously elected because he was trusted not to become a king.
• His presidency set many precedents, including the creation of the Cabinet.
• Controversy over where the capital should be; compromised for a southern location.
• Neutrality in foreign policy was established during his term.

John Adams' Presidency

• Became president after Washington, faced challenges with France.
• Alien and Sedition Acts were controversial and hurt his presidency.
• Demonstrated the peaceful transition of power after losing to Jefferson.

Thomas Jefferson's Presidency

• Adopted a more democratic style, less formal than predecessors.
• Oversaw the Louisiana Purchase, expanding U.S. territory significantly.
• Faced economic challenges with an embargo that hurt the economy.

James Madison's Presidency

• Faced the War of 1812 with Britain.
• Dolley Madison played a significant role as First Lady.
• Despite the burning of Washington, the war ended in a peace treaty.

James Monroe's Presidency

• Era of Good Feelings characterized by peace and prosperity.
• Missouri Compromise temporarily settled the issue of slavery.
• Monroe Doctrine asserted U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere.

Conclusion

• First five presidents laid the groundwork for the office.
• Each had a significant impact on the development and role of the presidency.
• The presidency was becoming more defined and influential in both domestic and international affairs.