The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Introduction

• In 1848, the state of a democratic republic was envisioned through four pictures imagined by the artist.
• The significant role of the Statue of Liberty and the Chart of Human Rights.
• The end of dynastic rule in Europe and the emergence of nation-states.

The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation

• The impact of the French Revolution across Europe.
• The end of monarchies and the rise in power of common citizens.
• The establishment of the tricolor flag, national language, and national anthem.
• Formation of the National Assembly.
• The abolition of internal customs duties.

Napoleon Bonaparte

• Implementation of the Civil Code by Napoleon in 1804.
• Equality before the law and protection of property rights.
• The end of the feudal system.
• Improvements in transportation and communication systems.
• Popularity of Napoleon's policies and subsequent discontent against him.

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

• The non-existence of nation-states in Europe.
• The emergence of aristocracy and the new middle class.
• The Industrial Revolution and ideas of liberal nationalism.

Traders and Trade Unions

• Tax problems for traders and the formation of customs unions.
• Reduction of different currencies.
• Promotion of the railway network.

Conservative and Liberal Struggle

• The return of conservative rule after the Battle of Waterloo.
• Restoration of the old order.
• Critique of the Metternich System.
• The formation of underground groups against conservative rule.

Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

• Revolutions in France and Belgium.
• The July Revolution and the formation of the National Assembly.
• The Greek Revolution and independence.

Romanticism and National Sentiments

• Romantic artists and cultural movements.
• The story of Poland and the importance of language.

Hunger, Hardship, and Popular Revolt

• Population growth and unemployment.
• The revolution in Paris in 1848 and the formation of the National Assembly.

Unification of Germany and Italy

• Middle-class revolution and the demand for nation-states.
• Formation of the Frankfurt Assembly in Germany.
• The unification of Germany under Prussian leadership.
• The unification of Italy and the contribution of Garibaldi.

Formation of the United Kingdom

• Union of England and Scotland.
• Struggles in Ireland and the expansion of the United Kingdom.

Nationalism and Imperialism

• Development of patriotism and national sentiments.
• The role of nationalism in the First World War.
• Anti-imperialist movements.