Heimler’s History: Distinct American Culture (1800-1848)

Overview

• Emergence of a distinct American culture between 1800-1848.
• Prior strong European influences began to wane, especially Enlightenment thought.
• Rise of Romanticism, favoring emotion and human perfectibility over rational Enlightenment ideals.

Architectural Shifts

• Transition from British Georgian style to Greek and Roman revival architecture.
  • Seen as embodying democratic ideals.
  • Notable example: U.S. Capitol Building in Washington D.C.

Development in Literature

• Initially influenced by British writer Sir Walter Scott.
• Emergence of American authors adapting Romantic themes:
  • James Fennimore Cooper: "Last of the Mohicans," exploring Western frontier.
  • Washington Irving: "Rip Van Winkle," "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," depicting American themes and landscapes.
  • Noah Webster: Created "American Dictionary of the English Language" (1828), standardizing American English spelling and pronunciation.

Evolution in Art

• Hudson River School: Group of artists portraying American landscapes.
  • Depicted pristine nature and the encroachment of civilization.
  • Emphasized sentiment and emotion over accuracy.

Rise of Transcendentalism

• Philosophical movement rooted in Romanticism and belief in human perfectibility.
• Key figures:
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson: Advocated for individualism and self-reliance.
  • Henry David Thoreau: Lived in isolation (experiment in simplicity), "Walden."

Utopian Communities

• Driven by romantic ideals, some moved away from society to form utopian communities:
  • Shakers: Christian community in Kentucky, communal property, celibacy led to decline.
  • Oneida Community: Practiced social and property equality, controversial marriage system, successful financially via silverware production.

Conclusion

• This period marked a significant effort by Americans to forge a culture reflecting their values and identity.
• Encouraged an American sense of individuality and community distinct from European influence.