Lecture on Matthew 5:48 Interpretation

Introduction

• Focus on interpreting Matthew 5:48: "Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect."
• The verse often seen as an impossible command.
• Objective: To interpret the verse meaning through careful observations.

Key Observations

Importance of the Word "Therefore"

• Indicates causation; asks "what is the therefore there for?"
• Suggests Matthew 5:48 is the effect of a long argument from Matthew 5:17 to 5:48.
• The argument involves a contrast between Jesus' teachings and those of the Pharisees.

Contrast in Teachings

• Misinterpretation: thinking Jesus contrasts his teachings with the Old Testament.
• Jesus aims to fulfill the law, not abolish it (Matthew 5:17-20).
• True contrast is between Jesus' teachings and the oral traditions/add-ons of Pharisees.
• Jesus calls for a righteousness exceeding that of the Pharisees (a "maximal" standard).

The Standard of Perfection

• Jesus redefines the standard from Pharisees to God the Father.
• Pharisees seen as a high standard, but not high enough.
• Jesus urges to look to God the Father as the ultimate standard.

The Concept of "Father"

Use of "Father" Language

• Father language clusters from Matthew 5:45 and continues into chapter 6.
• Indicates relational, not mathematical perfection.

Heavenly vs. Earthly

• Heavenly Father as the comparison, contrasting with earthly leaders.
• Heavenly suggests a higher standard than earthly standards.

Meaning of Perfection

Love as a Key Component

• Last paragraph (Matthew 5:43-47) emphasizes love, even for enemies.
• To be perfect is to love without discrimination, like God does.
• God’s love exemplified by impartial actions (e.g., sun and rain for all).

Interpreting and Using Context

Immediate and Broader Context

• Immediate context: the surrounding verses and their implications.
• Broader context: the entire segment (Matthew 5:17-48) and book insights.

Further Study Suggestions

• Historical background on the Pharisees and scribes.
• Word studies (e.g., "perfect," "righteousness").
• Consult commentaries after personal study:
  • France Commentary
  • Keener's IVP Bible Background Commentary

Conclusion

• Utilize the context effectively for interpretation.
• Recommended resources provided in the syllabus.
• Open for questions and further discussions in class.