Percussion Family of Instruments

Introduction

• The percussion family is colorful and diverse, divided into two groups:
  • Pitched section
  • Unpitched section
• Sound is produced by striking, shaking, or scraping instruments.
• Adds dramatic and effective sounds to ensembles.

Pitched Percussion Instruments

Timpani

• Principal instrument in the percussion section; also known as kettle drums.
• Can be tuned; typically four drums.
• Historically significant since the 1600s.
• Used for harmonic and rhythmic support in orchestras.
• Prominent in compositions by Beethoven and Mahler.
• Common in pop, rock concerts, and recording studios for rhythmic drive.

Xylophone

• Wooden bars arranged like piano keys; struck with mallets.
• Woody, penetrating tone for melodic and articulated character.
• Origins in African and Asian cultures; used in Western orchestras since the late 1800s.
• Used in jazz and modern music ensembles.

Glockenspiel

• Known as orchestra bells.
• Metal plates produce high-pitched, bell-like sound.
• Popular in marching bands and orchestras.

Marimba

• Larger than the xylophone, with resonators below wooden bars.
• Warm tone and wide range.
• Common in Latin American music, film and modern compositions.

Vibraphone

• Unique motor-driven resonator for vibrato-like effect.
• Provides melodic and harmonic support; used in jazz.

Unpitched Percussion Instruments

Triangle

• Small metal instrument; produces piercing sound.

Cymbals

• Made of bronze, includes crash, suspended, and hi-hats.
• Used for accents, brightness, and creating crescendos.
• Historical roots in ancient civilizations.

Snare Drum

• Famous for solo in Ravel’s "Bolero."
• Sharp, distinct sound with buzzing effect.
• Evolved from military to classical, jazz, and popular music.

Tambourine

• Handheld with metal jingles, bright sound.
• Used in dance-like passages.

Castanets

• Associated with Spanish/flamenco dance music.
• Adds rhythmic complexity and exotic flair.

Bass Drum

• Also known as gran casa.
• Low, resonant sound; emphasizes dark moments in music.

Conclusion

• Percussion instruments stress big moments in music.
• Encompasses diverse sound colors, dynamics, and rhythmical landscapes.
• Vital presence in all music genres highlights their importance.