Overview
This lecture covers the main internal components of a computer, describing their functions and how they work together.
Motherboard
- The motherboard is a flat board with circuits and connectors for attaching all computer components.
- It distributes electrical current and data, allowing components to communicate.
- It is often called the heart of the computer and is usually less expensive than other major components.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- The CPU, or processor, is a square chip on the motherboard, often under a cooling fan.
- Known as the brain of the computer, it handles all calculations and instructions for operations.
- The CPU is one of the smallest but most expensive and powerful components.
Graphics Card (GPU)
- The graphics card (GPU) is a rectangular board with a large chip and usually a fan.
- It processes graphics and visual tasks such as gaming, video editing, and 3D rendering.
- Integrated graphics (iGPU) are built into the CPU for cost efficiency but have weaker performance.
Storage Devices: Hard Drive and SSD
- The hard drive stores all data, including OS, programs, and personal files, using a spinning magnetic disk and moving arm.
- Hard drives are slow at data access, which is why RAM is needed.
- SSDs (solid state drives) serve the same purpose but use a memory chip, making them faster, more durable, and more expensive than hard drives.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
- RAM is a thin stick that temporarily stores needed data for quick access by the CPU.
- It acts as short-term memory and is cleared when the computer is turned off.
- RAM allows faster access compared to the hard drive but cannot store as much data.
Other Essential Components
- The cooling fan prevents overheating by pushing out hot air and bringing in cool air, with some setups using liquid cooling.
- The power supply unit converts wall electricity to power all computer components; laptops also have one and a battery for portability.
- The wireless card enables connection to Wi-Fi networks without cables; without it, only wired connections are possible.
- The case houses and protects all components, provides airflow for cooling, and comes in various sizes and styles.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Motherboard — Main circuit board connecting all computer parts.
- CPU (Central Processing Unit) — Executes instructions; computer's brain.
- GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) — Handles graphic and visual computations.
- Integrated Graphics (iGPU) — GPU built into the CPU for basic graphics.
- Hard Drive — Magnetic disk-based long-term storage.
- SSD (Solid State Drive) — Chip-based fast storage.
- RAM (Random Access Memory) — Temporary, fast-access memory.
- Cooling Fan — Device to remove heat and maintain safe temperatures.
- Power Supply Unit — Converts external power for the computer's use.
- Wireless Card — Enables Wi-Fi connectivity.
- Case — Outer shell protecting and cooling computer components.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Watch the recommended video on major operating systems.