Flashcards for:
Motion and Force: Detailed Concepts

In elastic collisions, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. In inelastic collisions, momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not.

The equations of motion are: 1) v = u + at, 2) s = ut + 0.5*at², 3) v² = u² + 2as, where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, a is acceleration, t is time, and s is distance.

Rest and motion are relative concepts. Whether a body is at rest or in motion depends on the reference point. For example, a bus driver and a passenger inside the bus are in motion relative to a static observer outside but appear stationary relative to each other.

Distance is a scalar quantity representing the total path length covered by a body without considering direction. Displacement is a vector quantity representing the straight-line distance between initial and final positions, considering direction.

The components of weight on an inclined plane are the parallel component (mg sin θ) and the perpendicular component (mg cos θ).

Velocity is the displacement per unit time and is a vector quantity, considering direction. Speed is the distance per unit time and is a scalar quantity, not considering direction.

Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a particular instant of time, while average velocity is the total displacement divided by total time.

Terminal velocity is the constant speed a body reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by the viscous drag in a viscous medium. It is proportional to the square of the radius of the falling body.

Newton’s Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. For example, when you kick a ball, the ball exerts an equal and opposite force back on your foot.

Newton’s First Law states that a body remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. Inertia is the resistance of a body to change its state of motion or rest.

Constant acceleration means the acceleration remains the same over time. Variable acceleration means the acceleration changes over time.

The equation of motion is: v = u + at, where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, a is acceleration, and t is time.

Speed is the distance covered per unit time; it is a scalar quantity. The formula for speed is: Speed = Distance / Time.

According to Newton’s Second Law, force is equal to the rate of change of momentum. The formula is F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.

In this formula, a is the acceleration, g is the acceleration due to gravity, θ is the incline angle, and μ is the coefficient of friction. The formula accounts for the forces due to gravity and friction acting parallel to the incline.