Anatomy of the Urinary System

Overview

• The urinary system filters blood and creates urine as a waste by-product.
• It consists of the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Functions of the Urinary System

• Filters and removes urea from the blood.
• Maintains a balance of chemicals such as potassium and sodium, as well as water.
• Regulates blood pressure and red blood cell production through erythropoietin.
• Maintains acid-base balance and conserves fluids.

Components of the Urinary System

Kidneys

• Two kidneys located below the ribs in the middle of the back.
• Functions:
  • Remove waste and drugs from the body.
  • Balance the body's fluids.
  • Release hormones to regulate blood pressure.
  • Control red blood cell production.
• Nephrons, consisting of glomerulus and renal tubule, filter blood to form urine.

Ureters

• Two narrow tubes carrying urine from kidneys to the bladder.
• Muscles in the ureter walls push urine downward, preventing backflow to avoid infection.

Bladder

• Triangle-shaped, hollow organ in the lower abdomen.
• Held in place by ligaments attached to pelvic bones.
• Stores urine, with a capacity of about two cups for 2-5 hours.
• Landmarks for bladder irregularities:
  • Trigone
  • Right and left lateral walls
  • Posterior wall
  • Dome

Sphincter Muscles

• Two circular muscles preventing urine leakage by closing around the bladder opening.

Nerves in the Bladder

• Alert when it's time to urinate.

Urethra

• Tube allowing urine to exit the body.
• Brain signals coordinate muscle tightening and sphincter relaxation for urination.

Urine Facts

• Normal urine color is pale straw or transparent yellow.
• Darker yellow indicates dehydration.
• Brownish color may signal liver issues or severe dehydration.
• Pinkish or red urine could indicate blood presence.

Additional Information

• Cystoscopy for Women
• Urinary Tract Infections
• Pelvic Pain

Related Topics and Further Reading

• Women's Health
• Gynecologic Conditions

Contact for Appointments

• Maryland: 410-955-5000
• Outside Maryland: 855-695-4872
• International: +1-410-502-7683

Important Notes

• Research is crucial for scientific and medical advancements.
• Urinary system health is vital for overall well-being.