Tlazolteotl, the Aztec Goddess of Epilepsy
Overview
- Universal Relationship between epilepsy and the supernatural.
- Aztecs viewed epilepsy as a sacred disease.
- Tlazolteotl symbolizes the mystical view of epilepsy in Mesoamerica.
- Historical and artistic depictions show Tlazolteotl's role in Aztec culture.
- Modern depiction by Eduardo Urbano Merino reflects supernatural views of epilepsy.
Historical Context
- Epilepsy considered a punishment from the goddess.
- Similar to beliefs in ancient India (Shiva and Apasmra) and Germany (Saint Valentine).
- Belief in duality: deities cause and cure diseases.
- Aztec term for epilepsy: yolpatzmiquiliztli, caused by rain god or possession by god’s helpers.
- Cures involved confession, washing, and appeasement of gods.
Tlazolteotl: The Goddess
- Names: Ixcuina, Tlaelquani.
- Etymology: From Nahuatl – "tlazolli" (garbage/filth) + "teotl" (deity).
- Role: Mother of Centeotl (maize god) and Xochiquetzal (goddess of fertility).
- Representation: Fertility, purification, expiation, regeneration.
- Icon: For gynecology and obstetrics; associated with health professions, particularly midwives.
Aztec Civilization
- Dominated Mesoamerica from 14th to 16th centuries.
- Composed of Tenochtitlan and allied states.
Artistic Depictions
- Comprehensive review of Tlazolteotl’s artistic representations from 1800 to 2016.
- Sources: Medline, Embase, Index medicus, Cochrane database, and art galleries.
Conclusion
- Tlazolteotl embodies the mystical view of epilepsy in Mesoamerica.
- Epilepsy historically linked to numerous cultural misconceptions.
- Tlazolteotl evolved from a goddess of cotton to a significant figure in medicine and war.
Acknowledgements
- Thanks to Eduardo Urbano Merino for the depiction of Tlazolteotl.
- Dr. Tellez-Zenteno received multiple research grants support.
References
- Comprehensive list of academic references and citations related to the study of epilepsy, Tlazolteotl, and Aztec culture.
This provides a detailed framework for understanding the role of Tlazolteotl in Aztec culture and her connection with epilepsy through historical and artistic lenses.