Prepositions and Their Usage

Introduction

• Presenter: संदीप कुमार
• Context: Day 2 session on prepositional phrases, important for translation and competitive exams.
• Objective: Understand and apply prepositional phrases in various contexts.

Importance of Prepositional Phrases

• General and Special Meanings: Prepositions often misunderstood by students as per Hindi meanings.
• Test Series: Available for course purchasers for free. Important to attempt these tests for better understanding.

Key Points on Prepositions

Common Confusions and Clarifications

1. In vs. Within: (Time Context)
   • "In an hour" vs. "Within an hour"
   • Use in for fixed ending time; within for any time up to the end.
2. At vs. On vs. In: (Days and Specific Times)
   • "On Monday," "In January," "At 7 PM"
   • On for days and specific dates, In for months/years, At for specific times.
3. On vs. In vs. At: (Place Context)
   • "In the hall," "At the bus stop"
   • Use in for enclosed spaces, at for specific points, and on for surfaces.
4. Into vs. In: (Movement Context)
   • "We went into the hall" vs. "We entered the hall"
   • Into for movement towards inside, In for static position.
5. On vs. In: (Activities Context)
   • "On the weekend" vs. "In the week"
   • On for specific days, In for broader time frames like months/years.

Common Prepositional Phrases and Their Uses

1. By:
   • Explains the agent in passive sentences: "He was killed by Ram."
   • Used for measurement: "Petrol is sold by the liter."
   • Indicates close proximity: "He lives by me."
2. For:
   • For a purpose: "These are for the kids."
   • For measurement context: "I bought it for Rs. 10."
3. Along:
   • Movement along a path: "Walk along the road."
4. Under vs. Below:
   • Under for direct vertical hierarchy: "Under the table."
   • Below for hierarchies or levels: "Below poverty line."
5. Over vs. Above:
   • Over for physical coverage or spanning: "Over the bridge."
   • Above for vertical positioning: "Above the bed."

Special Cases

1. Electronic Devices: (Mobile, TV, etc.)
   • Activities on devices: "On the mobile," "On TV."
   • Exception when specifying locations within websites/apps.
2. Transportation Methods: (With vs. On vs. By)
   • General terms: "By bus," "By train."
   • When specifying possession or specific vehicle: "In/On his car." "On the bus" for public transport.
   • Different prepositions depending on whether you can move inside or not: On for bike/horse (sit on it), In for car/plane (sit inside it).

Practice Examples

1. Time Context:
   • Right answer: "In an hour."
2. Days of the Week:
   • Right answer: "On Monday."
3. Location Context vs. Travel:
   • Right answer: "At the bus stop," "In the hall."
4. Active Usage on Devices:
   • Right answer: "On the mobile."
5. Special Phrases:
   • Right answer: "Because of," "Instead of," "By car."

Conclusion

• Review: Understanding and using prepositions based on their position rather than just their meaning in Hindi.
• Target Exam Competencies: Preparing for exams with a thorough understanding of prepositional phrases to avoid common pitfalls.
• Next Steps: Continue engaging with test series and thorough practice on Achiever's Choice e-learning platform.

Reminder: Download the Achiever's Choice app for more detailed courses and structured learning.

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