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Anatomy of the Skull
Jul 20, 2024
Lecture Notes: Anatomy of the Skull
Overview
The skull consists of 22 bones:
8 cranial bones (neurocranium)
14 facial skeleton bones
6 ear bones
Cranial Bones
Occipital Bone
: Back of the skull
Sphenoid Bone
: Middle and inferior portion of the neurocranium; butterfly-shaped; part of the orbital structure
Ethmoid Bone
: Between the eyes, roof of the nose, separates nasal cavity from brain
Frontal Bone
: Forehead, has vertical and horizontal (orbital) portions
Parietal Bones
(Pair): Top and sides of the neurocranium, quadrilateral shape
Temporal Bones
(Pair): Sides and base of the skull, overlaid by temples
Ossicles
: Middle ear bones (hammer/malleus, anvil/incus, stirrup/stapes)
External Acoustic Meatus
: Ear canal
Internal Acoustic Meatus
: Tube from inner ear to posterior cranial fossa
Facial Bones
Mandible
: Jawbone, largest and only moveable facial bone
Vomer
: Forms inferior part of nasal septum
Maxillae
(Pair): Upper jaw, includes hard palate
Palatine Bones
(Pair): Back of nasal cavity, form hard palate with maxillae
Nasal Bones
(Pair): Bridge of nose
Nasal Concha
(Pair): Upper chambers of the nasal cavities (inferior, middle, superior)
Zygomatic Bones
(Pair): Cheekbones, articulate with maxilla, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones
Lacrimal Bones
(Pair): Small bones in the front medial wall of the orbit
Additional Info
Sutures
: Joints that connect skull bones, immovable (synarthrodial)
Ear Bones
: Set of three ossicles on each side (6 total)
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