Flashcards for:
Introduction to Photosynthesis

NADPH is formed by the addition of electrons to NADP⁺ via the enzyme NADP Reductase.

Water provides the electrons needed to replace those lost by chlorophyll in Photosystem II and releases oxygen as a byproduct.

It’s the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. In photosynthesis, it refers to the production of ATP using the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane.

They do not directly require light to proceed and rely on the products of the light-dependent reactions (ATP and NADPH) to reduce CO₂ to glucose.

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP).

ATP provides the energy required for the reduction phase and the regeneration of RuBP.

Blue and red light.

Oxygen (O₂), ATP, and NADPH.

Photosystem II absorbs light energy, which excites electrons that are then transferred to plastoquinone. The lost electrons are replenished by splitting water, producing oxygen and protons.

The proton gradient drives the synthesis of ATP through ATP synthase during chemiosmosis.

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy to drive the reactions of photosynthesis.

6 H₂O + 6 CO₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂

Carbon Fixation, Reduction, and Regeneration.

The enzyme Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco).

In the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.