won't start this introduction to the male reproductive system um and just talking about reproduction in general sexual reproduction is the process by which we produce offspring by means of germ cells called gametes so our organs of reproduction are called gonads and in males they are the testes and females they are the ovaries these are the organs that produce the gametes then we also and they also produce hormones we also have ducks the ucts that are going to transport receive and store the gametes and then accessory sex glands that produce materials that support the gametes all right so Gynecology is involved in treatment of diseases of female reproductive system and neurology is a study of the urinary system but also the male reproductive system okay so male structures and reproduction include the testes a system of docs the ductus epididymis ductus deferens and you may be more familiar with the term vas deferens that's different um is the uh other name for it and uh male sterilization it's called a vasectomy okay because you're cutting through the vas defense um and then we have the ejaculatory duck urethra and remember the male urethra has three sections to it and we're going to take a look at that and then there's also accessories sex glands including seminal vesicles the prostate mobile urethral gland each of these three glands releases secretions that along with the little bit of fluid the sperm are already in will constitute sperm uh semen so these guys were these fluid that you can think of it as the sperm or taking a huge Journey a really really long journey and they need food and they need supplies and and that's what these accessory sex plans are supplying them with and then there are several supporting structures including the penis all right so as I mentioned you should be able to recognize the parts of the male reproductive system using a drawing um that is a mid-sagittal plane um a frontal view or posterior view so let's just take a whole look at this structure here a series of organs that make up the male reproductive system okay let's get our landmarks in place here is the pubic synthesis and here's the urinary bladder remember it sits right behind the pubic synthesis back here is the anus and the rectum okay so now we have everything else in place now let's talk about the the male reproductive system part this is the scrotal sac and the Squirtle Sac contains two testes um this is a testis it's an egg-shaped structure an oval structure and on the posterior side is a little comma shaped structure called the epididymis firmer produced in the testes and then moved to the epididymis where they're temporarily stored until ejaculation occurs and if ejaculation doesn't occur they're broken down and reabsorbed and used for something else okay the tube that comes off of the epididymis is the vas deferens it goes up around the pubic synthesis around to the posterior side this is the ureter go to the posterior side and and swivel around that ureter and they end in a pointed region called the ampulla so this is the vas deferens I think it's around 18 inches long if I'm not wrong um and it moves to from the anteriorated posterior it ends in a swelling called the ampulla it fuses with the seminal vesicle so this is going to be the first accessory gland that adds its secretion to the sperm traveling in a little fluid and the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens used together here and make something called the ejaculatory duct this goes into the prostate gland okay now we'll leave that there for a second this is the prostatic urethra it is the part of the urethra that extends through this Chestnut size um round structure called the prostate so it goes right through the center of it and fuses with the ejaculatory duct next this little piece of urethra is called the um membranous urethra okay so it's prostatic urethra and the membranous urethra and this little bitty guy there that's the Bobo urethral gland also called Cowboys gland and it too provides secretions so the seminal vesicle the prostate and the bulbal urethral glands all provide secretions so we have prostatic urethra membranous urethra and then from here out is the penile or spongy urethra and it ends in the external urethral orifice okay now the bulb of the penis consists of the root or I'm sorry let me go get another picture to talk about that jeez I didn't think I'd have to go this far oh here we go there we go okay this is the bulb of the penis these are the crew Rock and individual ones called the clues so these are the three pieces that make up the root the root of the penis consists of the bulb that's why this is the bulbous urethral gland because it sits behind the bulb and these two are the crew wraps the bulb becomes the spongy um the corpus spongiosum okay it's one of the three pieces of erectile tissue that make a penis so the root becomes the Corpus Corpus means body spongiosum is spongy it's the spongy body Corpus spongiosum penis and the Corpus spongiosum penis ends in the gland's penis or the head of the penis and it has a little Ridge called the corona if covered by a flap of skin called the prepuce or foreskin in men that are uncircumcised all right so this is a tube of spongy or rectile tissue and you can see it right here in this cross section Corpus spongiosum this is the spongy or penile urethra and green all right and then we have these two pieces here that come off the crew rough these are um called the corpora cavernosa penis okay and these are these two big pieces of erectile tissue that sit on the anterior side of the penis now it's filled with holes all of this erectile tissue is filled with holes and so when an erection occurs blood is it stimulated to move into the penis and as it does it starts filling up these the spongy area and it presses down on the vein okay so here you can see there's a vein near veins this spongy tissue gets so large it pressures on these veins and prevents the blood from leaving okay following ejaculation The Blood starts to drain out through the veins there's less pressure and the blood drains out through the veins right so there's three pieces of erectile tissue the Corpus spongiosum penis that ends in the gland's penis um and then the two corpora cavernosa penis okay that are the large pieces of erectile tissue okay now all of this is surrounded by some tough connective tissue called the Tunica albuginea it it covers around here it covers each of these pieces of erectile tissue it's a tough piece of tissue um and it prevents these from expanding too much okay all right so let's go back now to the original picture let me just that we were looking at there we go now since you only see one of those two erectile tissue uh um pieces that come off the crew right here because you're looking at half of it it's called the corpora cavernosum penis so that's singular corpora cavernosa is plural okay so singular and plural and we'll see that when we get to the female reproductive system with labia there's labium Magis labia minus or labia majora labia minora depending upon whether you're looking at both of them or just one side all right so those are the parts of the male reproductive system now over here is a suspensory ligament that helps to hold the penis up there's that around here to cushion okay just like that in front of um the uh pubic area here a little bit of fat and there's going to be hair on the outside of that all right so the semen contains sperm plus glandular secretions now the if we do a cross section through the penis here you can see those two bits of erectile tissue the Corporal cavernosa penis and then around them you can see the Tunica albuginea which is that tough connective tissue and then here is the Corpus spongiosum penis with the um spongy urethra I always say spongy urethra instead of penile because it helps me remember that the Corpus spongiosum penis goes there and isn't one of the two pieces of erectile tissue on top all right um now the the Squirtle Sac is separated internally by the scrotal septum and the word septum just means like a wall and separating something on the outside there's a little line of demarcation where that scrotal septum is and that's called the race there are two sets of muscles in this scrotum and both are involved in temperature regulation the sperm need to have a temperature that is lower than your body temperature by I think five degrees I'm not sure how many degrees oops three degrees okay by three degrees so when it's hot the cremaster muscle lowers the testes further away from the core because your core is the warmest part of your body when it's cold it elevates the testes to bring them closer to the Core okay but it's always temperature regulation we're looking for that three degrees difference where sperm production is optimal um this is the other muscle here and this is called the dartos muscle and with the dartos muscle does is it um like causes the Squirtle Sac to sort of shrivel up and again that's temperature regulation when it's cold it shrivels up to hold them tight more tightly together when it's warm it relaxes and they spread further apart okay everything's based on temperature here okay so in order to have optimal sperm production it has to be about three degrees lower than your body temperature this is why if a couple is having difficulty getting pregnant when the first things they'll tell the guy to do is stop wearing tighty whities or briefs anything that holds your testes close to your body may be