an early conflict that made no distinctions between civilians and warriors King Philip's War forever changed the way the colonists viewed Native Americans and paved the way for more English settlements in the region this devastating War transformed the Dynamics in New England marking a crucial Turning Point with Native Americans losing more land and both sides suffering heavy casualties but what exactly turned a relatively peaceful coexistence into a fullscale war back in the early 17th century English settlers began arriving in New England establishing colonies such as Plymouth in 1620 initially relations between Native Americans and the colonists were rather peaceful in fact native leader Masid of the Wampanoag tribe helped the settlers survive their first winter leading to the celebration of the first Thanksgiving in 1621 at the time a formal alliance was established between the wampanoags and Plymouth Colony however during the 1630s The Great Migration brought thousands of English settlers to New England increasing pressure on land and resources the settlers expansion led to encroachment on Native American lands disrupting their traditional ways of life in 1636 the peat War Began it was an early and brutal conflict between English settlers and the peat tribe ending with the near annihilation of the peats during the 1640s and 1650s English settlements continued to expand into Connecticut Rhode Island and New Hampshire further encroaching on Native American territories at the same time the introduction of European livestock and agricultural practices disrupted Native American economies in 1643 the New England Confederation was formed as a military Alliance among the Massachusetts Bay Plymouth Connecticut and New Haven colonies during the 1650s and 1660s English settlers began imposing their legal and political systems on Native Americans often to the latter's disadvantage disputes over land ownership and jurisdiction were common with English courts typically ruling against Native Americans treaties and land sales were often manipulated or broken by the settlers leading to significant loss of native land in addition missionaries like John Elliot wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity establishing praying towns these efforts disrupted traditional Native societies and created divisions within tribes fundamental cultural differences between Native Americans and English settlers led to further misunderstandings and conflicts in particular the English concept of land ownership conflicted with Native American views of communal land use as time progressed Native Americans became increasingly dependent on English Goods with trade disputes and unfair exchanges of goods further straining relations the death of the Native American leader meso in 1662 marked a turning point in American history the rise of his son metacom as a leader of the Wampanoag tribe would forever change the relations between Native Americans and the English settlers metacom also known as King philli was more resistant to English encroachments and sought to preserve Wampanoag sovereignty a few years later in 1671 English authorities demanded that metacom surrender Wampanoag Firearms this was seen as a direct threat to the Native Americans ability to defend themselves further increasing resentment and mistrust towards the colonists but what was the immediate cause for war in January 1675 John sassamon a christianized Native American and former adviser to King philli warned the English authorities of metacom's plans for war shortly after Sassaman was found murdered then three Wampanoag men were arrested tried and executed by the English as a result on June 20th 1675 Wampanoag Warriors attacked the town of Swansea in Massachusetts this surprise attack killed several colonists and marked the beginning of open conflict 4 days later on June 24th Colonial militia forces responded to the Swansea attack by marching on Wampanoag Villages and retaliating in July the conflict quickly spread to other tribes in the region including the nipmuck and the naragansett these tribes joined the wampanoags in their fight against the English settlers on July 14th the nipmuck ambushed and besieged Brookfield in Massachusetts the town was nearly destroyed and settlers were forced to barricade themselves in a fortified house until reinforcements arve to lift The Siege later in August the colonists suffered a significant defeat at the Battle of bloody Brook in South Deerfield in Massachusetts a colonial militia unit escorting a convoy of supplies was ambushed by a large force of native Warriors resulting in heavy casualties for the settlers during September the war spread to the Connecticut River Valley with Native American forces launching coordinated attacks on several settlements including Deerfield and Northfield in response to the increasing Native American attacks the English colonists mobilized their militias and called for reinforcements from neighboring colonies one of the most significant and brutal battles of 1675 was the Great Swamp fight on December 19th a force of about 1,000 Colonial militia men including some native allies launched a preemptive strike against the narraganset tribe they attacked a heavily fortified Naran set Village in the Great Swamp in present day South Kingstown in Rhode Island the colonists Set Fire To The Village resulting in a massacre with heavy casualties including many women and children the narraganset suffered devastating losses weakening their ability to continue fighting during the winter of 1676 both Native American and Colonial forces faced severe hardships the cold weather and lack of supplies strained both sides however Native American communities were more affected due to the destruction of their food stores and Villages by the colonial forces despite this Native American warriors continued to launch attacks on Colonial settlements targeting towns across Massachusetts Plymouth and Rhode Island on February 10th the town of Lancaster in Massachusetts was attacked by nipmuck and Wampanoag forces several settlers were killed and others including Mary rolinson were taken captive rolinson later wrote a famous captivity narrative detailing her experiences in March Native American forces conducted successful raids on settlements such as Providence in Rhode Island which was partially burned the attacks spread fear and panic among the colonists as a result Colonial forces aided by native allies such as the mohagen and peat tribes began to mount more effective counterattacks they pursued a strategy of scorched Earth tactics destroying Native American villages and Food Supplies to weaken the enemy on May 19th 1676 Captain William Turner led a surprising attack on a Native American encampment at pescm scut today known as Turner Falls the attack resulted in the deaths of over 100 Native Americans including many women and children Turner was later killed in a subsequent native Counterattack after Relentless attacks by Colonial forces and facing shortages of food and supplies a lot of Native American warriors and their families begun surrendering to the colonists however many of those who surrendered were sold into slavery or executed Native American forces severely weakened and running out of resources continued to fight but were increasingly on the defensive metacom's efforts to maintain a unified resistance began to crumble as some tribes sought peace with the colonists so what happened next on August 12th 1676 metacom was killed by a Native American named John Alderman who was allied with the colonists he died near Mount Hope in present-day Bristol in Rhode Island his death marked a DEC Ive Turning Point effectively ending organized Native American resistance in the region metacom's body was mutilated as a warning to others with his head displayed in Plymouth his wife and son were captured and sold into slavery in the West Indies sporadic skirmishes continued as Colonial forces hunted down remaining bands of Warriors and leaders after the war the colonists focused on securing the frontier and they negotiated peace with tribes that had remained neutral although the major battles had ended with the death of metacom in 1676 small-scale clashes continued until the Treaty of Casco was signed in 1678 the war resulted in destruction of both native and colonist communities in New England the loss of life and property strained the colonies economically while the war reinforced a view among the colonists that Native Americans were a constant threat for Native Americans the conflict had a devastating impact thousands were killed captured or sold into slavery many survivors faced starvation disease and the loss of their lands the colonists redistributed lands previously occupied by Native Americans often granting them to English settlers as rewards for military service the first major war between the settlers and Native Americans annihilated many tribes and paved the way for more English settlements in the region [Music]