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Network Layer Models Overview

Jul 14, 2025

Overview

This lecture compares different network layer models, emphasizing the widely used five-layer model and the more detailed seven-layer OSI model.

Network Layer Models

  • There are multiple network layer models used in IT, not just one standard.
  • The five-layer model is commonly used in practical networking contexts.
  • Some models combine the physical and data link layers, resulting in a four-layer model.

OSI Model

  • The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model contains seven layers, making it more detailed than the five-layer model.
  • The OSI model is often used in academic and certification settings for its rigorous definitions.
  • The session layer (layer 5) manages communication between applications and the transport layer.
  • The presentation layer (layer 6) ensures data from lower layers is formatted and understood by applications, often handling encryption and compression.
  • These extra layers don't involve data encapsulation like the lower layers do.

Comparison of Models

  • The five-layer model combines the session and presentation layer functions into its application layer.
  • While the five-layer model is more practical for daily networking tasks, understanding the OSI model is important for a complete networking education.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • OSI Model — A seven-layer networking model used for standardizing network functions.
  • Session Layer — OSI layer that manages communication sessions between applications and the transport layer.
  • Presentation Layer — OSI layer responsible for data formatting, encryption, and compression for application understanding.
  • Application Layer (in five-layer model) — Handles all higher-level networking functions, including those managed by session and presentation in OSI.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review the reading section on the OSI model from Module 1.