all right what we're looking at here is the skull for bio 157 what you're seeing along the top are these things that kind of look like cracks uh these are actually joints and these joints are called sutures so this suture right here that i'm moving across that is the corolla suture so just as a chrono cut with it moving that direction so does the thermal suture another suture is found here if i turn a little bit you can sort of see it maybe a little better that suture right there is called the sagittal suture that is the sagittal suture we'll move to the side here we see another suture right here so this suture right here is called the squamous surgeon if i turn this around here we see this suture here and that suture there is called the lymphoid or lamborghini suture landlord all right so now let's take a look at the bones and structures that are found on those so the first bone we're going to look at here is our forehead bone and that bone is called the frontal so this bone is called the frontal bone now there's a structure on here that we do want you to know and that's essentially the area here between the eyebrow ridges and this area right there is called the glabella so that is the rubella now we're seeing these holes that are just above the orbit cavity so where the eyes usually reside here and here these holes are found above those so any hole is a foramen [Applause] and since these are found above the orbits these are known as the supra for superior orbital brain supraorbital fringe so these holes right here above the orbits are the supraorbital frames next is the parietal bone so here's the frontal bone it's separated from the parietal bones by the coral suture this is one parallel here here's a second parietal bone there they are separated from each other by that sagittal suture so funnel bone bridal bone bridal bone here as well look off to the side here this is frontal bone we see that suture there again this is parietal bone here and what separates the parietal bone from this bone is a squamous suture and so this bone right here is the temporal bone so this is the temporal bone it actually comes down over here as well that is the temple there this part right here you see a little suture right there and so this part of the temporal bone that comes out to here that is called the zygomatic process so that is the zygomatic process on the temporal bone and that suture separates the temporal bone from this bone or cheekbone which is called the zygomatic and i'll come back to that in a minute next is the mandibular fossa and on this picture it's a little hard to tell here so here is our mandible our jawbone where our jawbone enters into the skull so it attaches to the skull right there there's a little plastic piece there that's residing in that mandibular fossa that right there is mended with fossa essentially a fossa is an impression or a depression in the skull next is the external auditory meatus and that's that hole right there i'm gonna zoom in on some of these parts down here on the temporal bone temporal bone here zygomatic process and that is the external auditory medius that big hole right there so that auto-terminates now you're seeing a couple of structures that are kind of moving down here put my finger here you can see this the first one which is a little pointier that one right there is called the styloid process that guy right there is the styloid process the one that's next to it more rounded here that one right there that is the mastoid process so styloid process mastoid process now i'm going to turn the skull on its underside here and so i know this is going to be a little hard but right there once again this is styling process right here is the mastoid process and you can see there's a hole in between the styling process there in the mastoid process so that hole is called the stylomastoid foramen remember a hole is a foramen styling process mastoid process pulling between those two is a stylo mastoid foramen next to this and it's a fairly large hole right here this hole right here fairly large one that is called the jugular frame that is where our jugular veins and next to it so juggle the frame next to it right here this hole right there that hole right there is the carotid canal that hole right there is the carotid canal the next bone we're going to look at from the outside is called the sphenoid bone and so we look at the side here we see frontal bone here parietal bone here temporal bone here and this bone right here as you can see the sutures around it that is the sphenoid belt most of the stuff that we're going to look at on the sphenoid bone is within the skull and we'll get to that later we can see some stuff on the bottom dealing with the sphenoid bone and so i'm going to zoom in once again the sphenoid bone is also found across here all this in this area is sphenoid bone so these three holes right here are also sphenoid on the speedo the oval one right here is coincidentally enough called the foramen ovale that is the foramen ovale the one next to it here is a foramen spinosa so this is the foramen spinosum right there the one that's medial or the midline here is the foramen place room so foramen ovale frame spinosum foramen laser and just to review once again this hole here is a carotid canal this hole right here this large one is a jugular foramen and this one is a stylo mastoid you look in this direction here looking inside of the orbits in the back there is sphenoid bone as well and you can see there is a hole right there move the line in a little bit better you can see that hole right there in the back of the eye and that is the optic canal so that right there is the optic canal [Applause] you're also seeing here a couple of essentially large cracks one is going up and then one is lower the one that is a little higher here is called the superior orbital fissure one here is the inferior orbital fission so optic canal superior orbital fission here inferior orbital fissure there let's go to another bone that is found on the back side of our skull and that's this bone here this bone right here is the occipital bone that bone right there is the occipital bone it also comes down underneath here so we have occipital bone here it comes all the way around here the big hole right there that is the foramen magnet so that's the frame of the magnum big hole on either side of that and if i turn this like so you can see those a little better right there and right there but here they are on the down view right there right there those structures right there are called the occipital conducts so those are the occipital conduct [Applause] our first vertebrae the atlas rests against those like symbols next is a hypoglossal canal now you can look i'm going to zoom in here again big holes of foramen magnet that's an occipital condyle right there and the hole going through that occipital condyle is called the hypoglossal kinetic so that's a hypoglossal kinetic again and the lysis a little bit what you can see here is it looks like there's a line right there and another one right there so this line that moves across the occipital bone right here is called the superior superior nuclear line so that is the superior nuchal line the one down here is called the inferior nuclear all right the next bone this one's a little harder to see is right back here so this bone that you see you there you're seeing sutures separating it there that bone right there is called the ethmoid bone it's essentially surrounded by a lot of other bones so over here on this side you can see ethmoid bone marrow as well there's only a couple of structures that we can see from the outside here so in both of these we see looking through the nasal cavity here the first is the perpendicular plank which is that right there that structure right there and is you can see these bones here that were flying into the top and those are called middle nasal poncho so this bone here and that gone there the middle nasal contour [Music] this guy here and that guy there are the middle nasal concha now let's take a look at the manner i've already removed the manual so this is our manual our jawbone looking at the parts on the mandible this area in here right there this area here is called the ramus so this guy this part right here is called the ramus this portion here this whole entire portion here is the body of the mean this right here this rounded area right there that is called the mandibular condyle so that right there is the mandibular condyle next is the pointing part over here the pointy part there is called the coronoid process that is the coronoid process this is a mandibular condyle that is a coronoid process this down here where our mandible turns is called the mandibular angle and that is the mandibular angle this area right here dips down between the mandibular condyle and the coronary process this is called the mandibular notch that right there is the mandibular notch now we have a couple holes that we can see in our manners the ones on the front of our manholes here these guys are called the mental frames these holes in the front are called the mental friends if you turn it around the holes on the inside of the manual here and here are called the mandibular formulas so those are the mandibular foramens the ones on the outside are called the mental currents those are the mental foramens the ones on the inside once again are called the mandibular brains okay moving back to the skull so what makes up our upper lips here this area here in this area here those are the maxilla bones those are the maximum those are the maximal bones there we turn this upside down and actually take the we're going to see a bone that is separated here there's a suture right there and this bone right here is called the palatine bone that suture there separates a palatine bone from this area here which is maximum still palpatine bone this is maxilla here this area of the maxilla bones is known as the palatine processes so these are the python processes what we see here with on the inside uh underneath essentially in the mouth area in the palatine process you're seeing a slight indention there these teeth right here are called incisors so this hole this indention right there is called the incisive fossa maybe after those incisors the incisive fossa this is palpatine bone that separation there makes these the palatine processes of the maximum bones and that's the incisive fossa return back to that front view again widen this out a little bit you see maxilla here maxillary there and now you're seeing these holes that are below the orbits so those holes right there and there are the infra meaning inferior so infra orbital frames infra orbital three one bone i've already kind of mentioned here and i'm going to mention it again is our cheekbone so if we look at the front side so you can see that suture separation that's maxilla here our cheekbone is there and that is the zygomatic bone if i turn it like this you can see zygomatic bone and it ends right there that's zygomatic bone there that is the zygomatic process of the temple all right lastly on the outside here we're going to see a few other structures so on here you can kind of see this one here so you're seeing a small little bone there that bone is called the lacrimal bone you can see sutures around it and now you can see this indentation right there and that indentation is known as the lacrimal fossa so that is the lacrimal fossa there are two small bones that are found uh that make up the bridge of our nose this little bone here and that little bone there and those are the nasal bones those little guys there are the nasal bones the last bone is this one right here and this is the boner so that bone right there is the boner and then these little guys here that curl into the nasal cavity so up here a perpendicular plate these two up here where the middle nasal concha these two down here are the inferior nasal function and that is it for the outside of the school