foreign [Music] phonetics let us now step into the Sanskrit language which The Panini created through his ashtadi so the ultimate building block of any language is the word what is the language it's a assemblage of words the words are combined in several ways to communicate ideas and transact knowledge therefore understanding the mechanics of word formation and generation is at the core of language Mastery you will agree with me on that and Sanskrit grammar addresses this aspect in a very unique way that's what we need to understand we will take an example to understand this part of it an illustrative example and then we will reduce what is happening there so let us take a verbal route actually if you look at Panini it will not be CR it will be the cringe you know Panini attaches something at the front something at the back because for his mathematical transformation he needs some indicators so if you look at his datupata it will say crunch so you will be if you look for crew you will not find it I have removed the do and the inj and then I have taken only the crew part of it because that is the substantive part of the verbal so crew crew means something to do with doing Karma we say karmana so all that come from now look at some words that comes out of it means Das in Sanskrit present simple present tense is continuous doing if you want to say kurwan karta karta means do here means it must be done you has to be done if you want to say that is means to do I want to do something if you have to say like that is how the crew has to be transformed into kartham then you have kritam kritam means pastans done something which was done fair to say now what we will do you see two more reverbs there but in the meaning of reading and Gam gach related to going so let us see how the equivalent words are there for these two Roots also you know for example like karothi it will be patati and gachati like kuruan it will be patan and gechan like kartha it will be patita and ganta like krita it will be patitwa and gatwa like karoto it will be patatu and gachatu foreign it looks as though if you know what is to be done for a verb you can do to 2200 verbs also same thing that is the sense we are getting here when you look at this example so essentially what it means is there is a logic of creating a pattern of words there is a word pattern formation logic which seems to work which seems to be at the core of Sanskrit language so let us try to lay our hands on it what you see here you know the crew pattern gach which I use just now so you see here that is called a base in Sanskrit you if you have to make a word you have to start with the base some substratum so in this case this is the base then what you do is you add two suppose you added two if you added two which is called a suffix now what happens when you do that it's a very simplified version but you get a word so when you added crew and then add 2 to it do some transformation you actually get karothu that's how the karothu came now there are some transformation some rules will apply but you know the same way if you take gutch add a 2 to it and then you get getcha two with some transformation and so on so every word in Sanskrit the basic building block is you start with the base then add a suffix to it and then get a word but in the process of getting the word some more rules will be triggered but that is how the word generation logic seems to sort of work in Sanskrit language now we will see what are all the possibilities exist in Sanskrit language to make a very rich combination generation of words so one can start with a verbal root as shown here and one can add some suffixes as I told you you can start with the base and add a suffix so you can add a suffix and you will get a verb form and add some more suffixes and finally get a word this is one route to go this is one way to actually reach then the second possibility is you start from a noun root just like a verb root you start from a noun root add some suffixes some suffixes can give you masculine some suffixes can give you feminine also so it all depends on what you add all those suffixes are available so you add some suffix and get a noun form so this is the basic mechanism but one can do few more things for example one can add some suffix on a verb and convert it into a noun from do you can get a do air do air is a noun do is a verb so there is some suffix you add and then get a noun out of a verb that is also possible or you can take a noun form add some suffix and then get it to a verb that's also possible we can do that also this is another way to go about so you know there is a whole combination of things that can work out we'll take an example let us say we take a nominal root called Ram what you see here would be this consists of a set of 7 into 3 21 21 such suffixes are available and If you make use of them you will actually get 21 different word forms so Ram if you take and add Su you will get Rama or you take ram and add this house you will get Rama Yoho There Are Rules which will do it so that's what I mean by saying this so you can take a nominal root add any of the suffixes and get a valid noun form some rules will kick in between to you know combine them and things of that kind the other possibility is as I told you let us take a variable root called put okay and there are some suffixes available here tip is there so such kind of suffixes you know you have what is called was and mass like that there are nine of them here you see three into three nine of them are there okay so if you if you add these to them you get valid web forms now as you see here suppose I take but and add tip to it you will get patati there are rules which will get you there or you take but add let us say MIP you will get patami and so on so these this is how I'm giving you a very simple example here the point you have to understand is you can take a nominal Road add a set of suffixes and end up with valid nouns or take a verbal root add a set of suffixes and you end up with a verb form and so on now the 7 into 3 or 7 cases and singular dual and plural this is the number similarly this 3 into 3 is you know first person second person third person and singular dual and plural that's how you get this three into three nine here so that's how this is done this is a simple representation for you to understand this is the basic structure of the Sanskrit language itself so this is how the word generation is very algorithmic as you see here you have to take something add something on the top of it apply some rules keep on deriving and then end up with the final word this rule based mechanism we will see again how you have to do it when we talk about the computational elements of ashtadi at that time we will see it again [Music] thank you