revision summary for edexcel re gcc 91 paper 1 part 4 1 study of catholic christianity 1.4 forms of expression and ways of life top tips sa is the sources of wisdom and authority this is needed to secure the high-level marks the words in blue are the different views to catholic christianity the catechism is the official teaching of the catholic church architecture design and decoration of catholic churches catholic churches have inside a nave which is the seating area a sanctuary where priests and servers are during the mass the altar where the priest offers mass which shows that jesus is offering himself candles which shows that jesus is the light of the world the lectern is where is the rays stand where the bible is read this is because faith and truth come from the bible readings therefore it is raised this is also used for the liturgy of the word the tabernacle is where the bread and wine is kept it makes a person the member of the church the baptismal font contains the holy water the sacred heart of jesus represents the eternal fire of god's love there is also statues and saints and statues of saint and saint peter different styles for example westminster cathedral is neo byzantine liverpool metropolitan cathedral is concrete and aluminium the essay is that in the categories it misstates that the people of god should build a church for worship different internal features of the catholic church the lectern should be suitable for the dignity of god's word the gospel should be only read by ordained deacon or priest or bishop the bible readings are the basis of the liturgy of the word and mass the altar is made of stone it is consecrated by a bishop and is in the center of the church the altar shows the importance of redemption and at the altar substantiation occurs this is where the bread and wine change into the body and blood of jesus the crucifix is a cross with jesus on it is shown to the congregation during the mass and it shows christ's redemption christ's redemption is where jesus died to save us from sins it aids worship because people can thank jesus for his sacrifice the tabernacle holds the bread which is jesus body this reminds catholics of jesus sacrifice it also aids worship because there is a holy presence in the church the essay is that in the catechism it states that the church building is a symbol of the father's house towards which christians are journeying sacred objects in catholicism sacred objects are holy things used in prayer and worship they are respected for example sacred vessels are vessels for bread and wine the pattern is a plate which holds the priest's post this ciborium is a plate which holds the people's host the chalice is a cup which holds the wine water the stoop is the container on the wall which holds the holy water and it washes away sin from humans they are all handled with care and washed and are all used in the eucharist vestments are clothes formed by the priest cloths are covers for alter or the lecture or for the priest to wear the different colors over the year for example the white and gold colors for special celebrations the sarcophagi are containers for bones of saints they're made of stone and displayed in churches catholics believe that the holiness will rub off from them hunger cloths show the scenes of jesus's life they are hung over rude screens they reflect catholic belief about need to follow example of jesus and act for justice and peace objects used out of church holy images statues and crucifixes are used in private devotion and prayer holy water is sprinkled in the home and voted candles are lit the essay is that in the catechism all the signs in the liturgical celebrations are related to christ paintings frescoes and drawings secular art where it is not connected with the religion expresses emotions of artists it helps us to understand more about god back up belief and greater insight into catholic faith icons are holy images for example of angels and saints on wood they show the facial expressions and the person's nature the halo which represents jesus's holiness the golden halo is the divinity of jesus the holy book is that jesus is the word of god and the bible comes from god a fresco is a painting on fresh plaster for example saint francis's life was painted on a fresco it shows saint francis preaching to the birds which show that nature is part of god's creation the golden halo is the sorry the holiness of his life and god's presence the three fingers raised on the saint francis's hand represents the trinity the essay is that in the catechism it states that sacred art can evoke faith and adoration by portraying the mystery of god sculptures and statues statues aid worship and they are a focus of prayer they express beliefs as nothing is hidden for example statues of mary with her baby shows that mary is the mother of god statues of mary with adult son shows that jesus was mary's redeemer statues of the sacred heart of jesus surrounded by a crown of thorns shows the passion of christ with a burning fire shows his eternal love the bronze statue of saint peter one hand has keys to the kingdom of heaven which shows that saint peter was the rock which christ built his church on and how he has been given authority to forgive sin sins which is the keys of the kingdom there is also the crucifix and the madonna which is the statue of the virgin mary catholics are saints to help them so their prayers will be more likely answered places associated with saints and visions have statue of saint essay is that the catechism states that human art expresses humans relationship with god symbolism and imagery in religious art symbolism is where you use an object or word to represent an abstract idea religious symbols show the message of religion so it is more accessible to the people they have holiness for example the cross shows jesus's love forgiveness and sacrifice the crucifix shows jesus's passion and how he forgave the world's sins the fish symbolizes christianity because there is lots of fishes in the gospels and some of the disciples were fishermen the dove symbolizes the holy spirit the eagles symbolize the power and speed of god's message the evangelist matthews symbol of a wind man represents the spreading of the gospel mark's symbol of a winged lion represents that jesus is courageous and a miracle worker luke's symbol of a winged ox represents jesus's sacrifice because boxes used to be sacrifices john's symbol of a winged eagle represents god's word the essay is that in isaiah 45 it states that those who wait for the lord shall mount up with wings like eight eagles drama mystery and passion plays drama is exciting and emotional plays it is used to put christian message across the priest reenacts the last supper in the mass mystery plays are medieval dramas they showed the message of christianity for example the creation or the last supper or the resurrection by being in the language of the people they were humorous they were put in real life situations so people could empathize with jesus they make the spiritual message clear passion plays tell the story of jesus's last days for example on the cross they put across the message of jesus passion and forgiveness by bringing events to life there are lots of actors so they are a big spectacle they used relevant events in people's lives and they were also in the language of the people the veneration of the cross which is honoring and kissing the cross is where people take part in drama to show jesus sacrifice the essay is that the catechism states that god gradually revealed himself to the world like a drama traditional and contemporary music and worship music is used in the opening of the mass the gloria when the bread and wine are brought to the altar which shows god's love and the praise for god early christians compose canticles which are songs and praises of god which is a doxology music was used in ordinary worship hymns are songs are praised addressed to god they show the beliefs and emotions for example the hymn faith of our fathers modern hymns are contemporary style for example the hymn here i am lord plain chant is unaccompanied singing the two types are responsorial chant which is where a soloist or choir sings with a response from either the choir or the congregation and anti-phonal chant which is where verses are sung alternatively by the soloist and choir psalms are sacred songs or hymns they contain singing and instruments they contain human emotions for example psalms of praise and thanksgiving they are now relevant from modern worship worship songs are short hymns they put bible verse and christian message into contemporary music with guitar and keyboard they are lively and have dancers the essay states that the cat the essay the essay is that the category states that doxology which is the praise of god