the making of the indian constitution now in this lesson we will deal with four to five things like demand for constituent assembly composition of constituent assembly committees of the constituent assembly we will also deal with the objectives resolution and what it was also we will take a look into the timeline of the making of the constitution we will also learn about the most important committee in the constituent assembly that is the drafting committee then we will look into some important facts for prelims and otherwise and finally we will look into the criticism of the constituent assembly now before going ahead let me tell you the indian constitution is the written constitution unlike the constitution of england which is unwritten unwritten constitution evolves over a long period of time and there is no specific body constituted for that purpose whereas in case of written constitution there is specific body constituted for the purpose of making the constitution written constitution is codified and compiled in structured manner now let us discuss demand for constituent assembly now as early as in 1922 the mahatma gandhi put forward the idea that india's political destiny should be determined by the indian themselves and not by any other foreign body in 1934 emman roy the hardcore communist put forward the idea of constituent assembly official demand for constituent assembly was put forward by indian national congress in 1935. in 1938 jawaharlal nehru declared that constitution of free india must be framed without outside interference by constituent assembly elected on the basis of universal adult franchise in 1940 in the august offer the british government accepted the demand of the constituent assembly in principle now this generous act by the british government was only a carrot because they wanted indian help in the world war ii and they wanted to pacify the congress leaders now in 1942 sir stafford creeps came to india with a proposal of framing an independent constitution but this proposal was rejected by the muslim league on the basis of two nation theory as they wanted two separate constituent assembly one for india and other for pakistan so in short the crips mission failed again in 1946 the cabinet mission came and it rejected idea of two constituent assemblies but put forward the idea or scheme for the constituent assembly which more or less satisfied the muslimly and on the basis of cabinet mission constituent assembly was constituted in november 1946 now let us discuss the composition of the constituent assembly now the total strength of the constituent assembly was 389 and this constituent assembly was partly elected and partly nominated body at that time there were two kinds of states the first were british indian provinces governed by british officials and the others were princely states the 93 members were nominated by the heads of the princely states and other 296 where from the governor provinces and from chief commissioner provinces seat allocation was in the proportion to the population where one seat approximately represented 10 lakhs of people that is one million people the british provinces were divided among three principal communities that is muslims sikhs and general now the rest of the population beside muslims and sikhs were general representatives of each community elected by the members of that community only now what does this means that means in muslim constituency the representative will be a muslim and only muslim members from that community or constituency can vote in the election now the method of election was proportional representation by means of single transferable vote now elected members from these elections will go forward and seed in the constituent assembly they will take part in the discussions and deliberations and they will ultimately form the constitution of india now the constituent assembly was divided into committees these committees submitted their report on which discussions and deliberations took place in constituent assembly there were committees like union powers committee headed by jawaharlal nehru union constitution committee headed by jail nehru again provincial constitution committee headed by sardar patel drafting committee one of the most important committee of the constituent assembly headed by dr br ambedkar advisory committee on fundamental rights minorities tribal and excluded areas headed by sardar patil this committee had five subcommittees like fundamental rights subcommittee minority subcommittee northeast tribal areas and other excluded areas subcommittee and north west frontier tribal area subcommittee also there was rules of procedure committee headed by dr rajendra prasad states committee for negotiating with states headed by jail hero and steering committee headed by dr rajendra prasad now as said earlier all these committees submitted their reports which were discussed in constituent assembly now the constitution is supreme fundamental sacred law of the nation it reflects the nation's ethos vision of its leaders the leaders who participated in the indian national movement the philosophy underlying the indian constitution was embodied in the objectives resolution now the objective's resolution was moved by jawaharlal nehru on 13 december 1946 it was adopted on january 2020 1947. now let us discuss some features mentioned in objectives resolution now this objective is resolution acted as a guideline for the members of the constituent assembly it indicated that we should make a constitution which will ensure economic stability political security and foster unity of the nation we have to write the constitution which is written in nature and it will proclaim india as a sovereign democratic republic nation we have to write a constitution which will ensure federal form of government with the distribution of powers between the central and states it will guarantee and secure justice equality freedom belief faith worship and vocation to citizens of india it will safeguard minorities backward and tribal areas depressed class and other backward classes it will maintain territorial integrity and sovereignty over land sea and air we have to write the constitution which will help india to attain rightful and honored place in the world which will promote world peace and welfare of mankind now unlike other lessons this lesson is full of facts so this is just heads up now let us move to the timeline of the making of the constitution on december 9 1946 the first meeting of constituent assembly took place it was bicoded by muslim league and dr sachitan sinner was temporary president being the oldest member of the constituent assembly later dr rajendra prasad was appointed as the president and h.c mukherjee and krishnamachari were appointed as vice president on december 13 1946 jawaharlal nehru moved the objective's resolution this resolution was adopted on january 22 1947. on july 22 1947 constituent assembly adopted the national flag on november 4 1948 dr br ambedkar introduced the final draft of the constitution in may 1949 constituent assembly ratified india's membership of the commonwealth on november 26 1949 constituent assembly adopted the constitution on january 24 1950 constituent assembly adopted the national song and national anthem and two days later on january 26 1950 constitution as whole came into the force you have to remember this at first constituent assembly was not a sovereign body as it was created by cabinet mission plan this means it was creation of british parliament later independence act brought some changes now we will discuss what were those changes the first constituent assembly became a sovereign body and it can even change laws made by the british parliament also constituent assembly became legislative body and it performed two functions on given day it acted as a constitution-making body and on another day it acted as a parliament as a legislative body muslim league members hailing from the areas included in the pakistan withdrew from the constituent assembly after the independence act the pakistan dominion came into being and the muslim league members withdrew from the constituent assembly now let us discuss about the drafting committee it was one of the most important committee of the constituent assembly it was formed on august 29 the chairman of the drafting committee was dr br ambedkar committee had notable jurist as its members like munshi ayangar ayar sadhatullah etc drafting committee produced first draft in february 1948 after that it was thrown open to debate and then second draft was produced in november 1948 constituent assembly again met you have to remember that the drafting process was done in recess that is between july 1947 to september 1948 that was the racist time this was the time where constituent assembly meetings were not taking place drafting committee took less than six months to prepare the draft in all it said for 141 days on 26 january 1950 the constitution of india came into effect and it is known as that of commencement some provisions came into effect on november 26 1949 and other provisions came into effect on 26 january 1950. now the 26 january 1950 was chosen as a date for the commencement because of the lahore resolution of december 1929 on this day it was proclaimed that 26 jan will be the day when india will attain purna swaraj now let us discuss some other leisure facts the symbol of the constituent assembly was elephant bian rao was constitutional advisor that is legal advisor of the constituent assembly hvr ayangar was secretary to the constituent assembly sn mukherjee was chief draftsman the calligraphy of the constitution was made by prem bihari narayan raizada the original constitution was decorated by nandalal bose and beyohar ram manohar sinha they both belong to santiniketan now the hindi calligraphy was done by vasanth krishnan vaidya now finally let us discuss the criticism faced by the constituent assembly now constitution assembly was criticized on various grounds and this criticism is mentioned in your seasoned book m lakshmikanth we will deal with those criticism in short the first criticism was it was not a representative body as it was not directly elected by universal adult franchisee that is not all the adult members of india voted for the election of the members of the constituent assembly it was not a sovereign body as we discussed earlier it was creation of british parliament it was created by the proposal of the british government that is cabinet mission plan third criticism is that it was time consuming exercise according to some criticism the constituent assembly took a long time to create the constitution of india but here american constitution only took 4 months to came into being whereas canadian constitution came into being after 2 years and 6 months of deliberations also there is criticism that it was dominated by congress granville austin the american constitutional expert remarked that the constituent assembly was one party body in an essentially one party country the assembly was the congress and the congress was india also there is criticism that there was lower politician domination and other sections of the society were not duly represented like businessman teachers etc and that is the main reason for the bulkiness and complicated language of the constitution of india also there is one criticism that the constituent assembly was dominated by the hindus according to some critics the constituent assembly was a hindu-dominated body lord vikon simon called it body of hindus similarly winston churchill commented that the constituent assembly represented only one major community in india but these are baseless allegations as there were representatives from minority community as well finally remember this mahatma gandhi was not part of the constituent assembly so in this lesson we learned the making of the indian constitution how the constitution of india came into being how objective's resolution directed the constituent assembly to make the constitution of india which has became the supreme fundamental sacred law of the nation and which has directed india for last 70 years so this is all from this video i hope you like this video if you want me to continue such videos kindly let me know in the comment section below thank you