Lecture Notes: Cultural and Economic Life in Harar, Ethiopia

Introduction to Harar

• Speaker: Wetto Gab
• Background: Lived in Harar for 10 years, desires to be a movie actress. Current occupation is selling chat.
• Family: Lives with husband, nieces, and nephews. Husband is a police officer.
• Economic Status: Middle class, out-earns her husband by selling chat.

Harar: Cultural and Religious Context

• Religious Significance: Fourth holy city of Islam with numerous mosques.
• Cultural Dynamics: Mix of religious devotion and social activities like bars.
• Women's Associations: Over 50 groups supporting economic, political, and social activities.

Economic Activities and Chat

• Chat's Role: Central to economic and social life; involves women heavily in trade.
• Cultivation: Grows best in specific climates and is exported globally.
• Social Drug: Used in various social and religious contexts but has side effects like depression and insomnia.

Historical Context

• Trade History: Key trade point historically, with a decline starting after Western influence.
• Literary Connections: French poet Arthur Rimbaud lived in Harar, seeking inspiration.

Social Structure and Women's Role

• Women's Associations: Vital for community support, with historical significance.
• Gender Equality: Islam in Harar supports gender equality.
• Social Issues: Stories of personal struggles, like Sophie’s experience as a single mother.

Traditional Practices and Modern Challenges

• Economic Activities: Women engage in selling wood and goods at markets.
• Infrastructure: Train connection critical for trade, but also for illicit activities.
• Cultural Identity: Harari pride in unique cultural identity and customs, like local language Hadari.

Historical Personalities

• Richard Burton: Explored Harar, noted cultural observations.
• Arthur Rimbaud: Poet turned trader, lived in Harar, documented experiences.

Modern Implications

• Impact of Railroad: Affected trade routes and economic status of Harar.
• Smuggling Activities: Chat trade involves smuggling due to varying legal statuses.

Conclusion

• Cultural Richness: Harar is a blend of religious devotion, commercial activity, and rich history.
• Societal Dynamics: Women play a crucial role in economic sustainability and cultural preservation.