[Music] [Music] translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template this process involves several key molecules including mRNA the small and large subunits of the ribosome TRNA and finally the release Factor the process is broken into three stages initiation elongation and termination let's see the process in action eukariotic mRNA the substrate for translation has a unique three prime end called the polya tail mRNA also contains codons that will encode for specific amino acids a methylated cap is found at the five Prime end translation initiation begins when the small subunit of the ribosome attaches to the cap and moves to the translation initiation site TRNA is another key molecule it contains an anti-codon that is complementary to the MRNA codon to which it binds the first mRNA codon is typically Aug attached to the end of the TRNA is the corresponding amino acid methionine corresponds to the AUG codon the large subunit of the ribosome now binds to create the peptidal or pite and the amino AAL or asite the first TRNA occupies the P site the second TRNA enters the a site and is complementary to the second mRNA codon the methionine is then transferred to the asite amino acid the first TRNA exits the ribosome moves along the MRNA and the next TRNA enters these are the basic steps of elongation as elongation continues the growing peptide is continually transferred to the asite TRNA the ribosome moves along the MRNA and new trnas enter when a stop codon is encountered in the asight a release Factor enters the asight and translation is terminated when termination is reached the ribosome dissociates and the newly formed protein is released