The Welfare of Dogs in Human Care

Introduction

• Domestic dogs in Western countries are mainly pets.
• Dogs also serve as working or laboratory animals and may exist in feral populations.
• Human responsibility for dog welfare includes decisions about care, housing, transport, medical care, and euthanasia.
• Welfare decisions should be evidence-based.
• Chapter covers welfare issues such as genetic problems and care for companion dogs.

What Is Dog Welfare?

• Welfare definitions vary among scientists.
• Importance of dogs having positive experiences and avoiding negative ones like pain and boredom.
• Quality of life and "a life worth living" are emerging welfare concepts.
• It's difficult to ensure only positive states; balance is needed.

Assessing Welfare

• Direct measurement of mental experiences isn't possible.
• Welfare assessment relies on clinical, pathological, and behavioral signs.
• Subjectivity in interpretation can be minimized by explicit inference bases.
• Behavioral Measures:
  • Natural behaviors and responses to different environments.
  • Stereotypies can indicate serious welfare issues.
  • Experimental studies assess value dogs place on resources.

Genetic Welfare Problems

• Breeding for traits has led to issues like breathing difficulties in brachycephalic breeds and uric acid issues in Dalmatians.
• Public awareness and genetic tests aim to address genetic welfare problems.
• Challenges include inbreeding and differing perceptions of desirable traits.

Dogs as Companions

• Despite urbanization, dog ownership remains popular.
• Issues arise from unsuitable owners and unrealistic expectations.
• Socialization and training are crucial in preventing behavioral problems.
• Separation anxiety affects many dogs; treatment includes desensitization.
• Obesity is a growing concern due to overfeeding and lack of exercise.

Housing and Husbandry

• Different kennels and housing types must meet welfare standards.
• Space allowances vary and should accommodate social and environmental needs.
• Social housing is preferred to meet dogs' social needs and prevent stress.
• Enrichment through toys, chews, and environmental complexity improves welfare.
• Careful consideration of dogs' sensory world aids in enrichment and stress reduction.

Transport

• Transport poses risk; guidelines exist to ensure safety and welfare.
• Increased transport leads to higher disease risks.

Conclusion

• Despite growing interest, more welfare research on dogs is needed.
• Addressing major welfare issues requires continued study and public awareness.

Key References

• Notable studies and guidelines covering various aspects of dog welfare are cited throughout the chapter.