Genetics Review

Vocabulary Matching

Key Terms and Definitions

• Allele (J): Different forms of genes for a specific trait
• Dominant allele (B): An allele that always shows up as the physical trait
• Gene (A): A short sequence of DNA that gives instructions for making a specific characteristic
• Genetics (G): Branch of biology that studies heredity
• Genotype (K): A description of the actual alleles you inherit from your parents, cannot be seen
• Heredity (H): Genetic transfer of traits from parent to offspring
• Heterozygous (D): Genotype with two different alleles for a particular trait
• Homozygous dominant (E): Genotype with two dominant alleles for a particular trait
• Homozygous recessive (F): Genotype with two recessive alleles for a particular trait
• Hybrid (N): Offspring look similar to parents, but not exactly (mixture of traits)
• Mendel (L): The father of genetics
• Phenotype (O): The outward appearance of your genotype, your physical traits
• Purebred (M): Offspring look like the parents (same traits)
• Recessive allele (C): An allele that is hidden in the presence of a dominant allele
• Trait (I): Specific characteristics, such as hair or eye color

Genotypes and Phenotypes

Gene for Flower Color

• Phenotype:
  • White
  • Purple
• Recessive Allele: q
• Dominant Allele: Q

Genotype and Phenotype Correspondence

• Homozygous Dominant (QQ): Purple
• Heterozygous (Qq): Purple
• Homozygous Recessive (qq): White

Punnett Squares

Example Cross

• Cross: Purple orchid (Pp) x Purebred white orchid (pp)

Punnett Square Results

Offspring Probabilities

• Genotypes:
  • Homozygous Dominant: 0%
  • Heterozygous: 50%
  • Homozygous Recessive: 50%
• Phenotypes:
  • Purple: 50%
  • White: 50%

Pedigrees

Analysis Questions

• Count of Individuals:
  • Females: 7
  • Males: 7
  • Carriers: 6
  • Red Coats: 11
  • White Coats: 3
• Generations: 3
• Two male carriers in Generation 3
• Genotypes of First Generation Parents: Gg and Gg
• Phenotypes of First Generation Parents: Red Coat