Lecture Notes: Zebras and Their Stripes

Introduction to Zebras

• Zebras are one of the most recognizable animals in the animal kingdom.
• Questions addressed:
  • Why do zebras have stripes?
  • Are zebras black with white stripes or white with black stripes?

What is a Zebra?

• Classification:
  • Zebras belong to the genus Equus (same as horses and donkeys).
• Weight:
  • Adult zebras weigh between 600 to 1000 pounds depending on gender and species.
• Habitat:
  • Native to southern and eastern Africa.
  • Most live in grassy plains; mountain zebras inhabit mountain slopes in southwest Africa.

Zebra Stripes

• Common misconception: Zebras are white with black stripes.
• Scientific fact: Zebras have black skin underneath and white stripes are unpigmented fur.
• Stripes serve a purpose beyond appearance.

Theories on the Purpose of Stripes

1. Confusion of Predators:

   • Initial thought: Large herds create an optical illusion to confuse predators.
   • Evidence: Despite this, zebra attacks by predators still occur, making this hypothesis inconclusive.

2. Thermoregulation:

   • Theory: Stripes help regulate body temperature by absorbing and reflecting sunlight.
   • Current status: Research has not fully supported this idea, leaving opinions divided.

3. Insect Deterrence:

   • Confirmed hypothesis: Stripes help ward off harmful insects like biting horseflies.
   • Mechanism: Stripes disrupt the fly's vision, preventing successful landings.
   • Importance: Protection against flies is crucial as bites can transmit deadly diseases.

Conclusion

• Zebra stripes serve multiple defensive purposes:
  • Protection from predators.
  • Thermoregulation (though still debated).
  • Defense against insects.
• Encouragement to engage: Viewers invited to share thoughts and subscribe for more animal-related content on the channel.