Aristotle's Virtue Theory

Introduction to Virtue Theory

• Virtue theory emphasizes character over rules.
• Aim is to be virtuous so that right actions follow naturally.
• Eudaimonia: living a 'life well-lived' or 'human flourishing'.

Aristotle's Concept of Proper Functioning

• Everything has a function and is good if it fulfills it.
• Humans are rational and social animals, thus our function involves reasoning and social harmony.

Virtue as a Midpoint

• Virtue is the midpoint between two extremes (vices of excess and deficiency).
• Known as the Golden Mean.

Example of Virtue: Courage

• Courage exists between cowardice (deficiency) and recklessness (excess).
• Courage involves assessing situations wisely and acting appropriately.

Example of Virtue: Honesty

• Honesty is the balance between brutal honesty and failure to speak up.
• Involves delivering truth gracefully and constructively.

Example of Virtue: Generosity

• Generosity avoids stinginess and excessive giving (like irresponsible spending).
• Involves appropriate giving based on need and capacity.

Learning to Be Virtuous

• Virtue is a skill learned through experience, not books.
• Practical wisdom (street smarts) is essential.
• Habituation: repeated virtuous acts lead to character development.
• Moral exemplars serve as models to emulate.

Motivation for Virtue

• Achieving eudaimonia: a challenging, striving life leading to personal fulfillment and success.
• Continuous self-improvement without complacency.

Conclusion

• Virtue theory focuses on being the best version of oneself, leading to good actions.
• Next topic: moral luck.