all right this is open stocks u.s history chapter 9 section 3 on the move the transportation revolution so within transportation it's probably the easiest to visualize the change that the industrial revolution um takes place you know our previous definition of the industrial revolution was that it changed the way that goods were made right going from hand making to machine making but also distributed and again we'll just sort of reiterate this rebuted we'll just sort of re reiterate the transformation that's taking place it's going from a process in which the source of power is a natural run so if we think about you know getting from point a to point b uh we have manpower or human power maybe that's more appropriate which means you could walk from one place or another there is animal power oops that's not how you spell animal animal power you can ride a horse wind power which would be sailing on a ship or something like that and water power that would be using the current of the ocean or using the current of the river to get from one place or another and since the beginning of human history people got around from point a to point b and distributed goods from point a to point b in one of these four ways you know no matter what this all gets replaced in the industrial revolution by the steam engine right and now the steam engine is the source of power first in the form of steam ships or steam boats but more um maybe more uh the bigger impact is in the form of trains and railroads and this is really what what the transportation revolution is about again think about the amount or the quantity of goods that one can get from point a to point b you know using animal power as opposed to using a train far more goods can be transported on train than can be on horseback or aux or whatever other animal that is used so you know really the new inventions here the things that are new in the 1800s are railroads and steam steamships and of course because of these new inventions this creates a need to transform the landscape so that they can accommodate them uh the united states and you know people in congress and presidents really look towards these new innovations as a quote unquote march of progress the idea that new technology was good so initially it was steam ships or i should say even before that it was the construction of roads to accommodate previous forms of transformation mainly you know human power and animal power and so states really beginning uh you know not not too long after the constitution uh began to invest more heavily in internal transportation to try and rely really less on europe economically and foster a domestic economy at home states built roads but there was one national highway that was created the cumberland road which was a road that connected we'll say maryland to illinois and it was one of the few in fact it was the only national road project uh that despite you know americans really wanting to or at least some really wanting to create a vast and complicated infrastructure most of these things happened at a state level states built their own transportation networks the cumberland road was one example of that in addition to other road construction there was private roads that were created this was turnpikes the turnpikes is a private road we'll say that charges a toll right so these were essentially for profit um but you know if um you know if it was worth the investment to travel or sorry to tr uh transport goods from one place to another then it might make sense for a private company to build a road charge a small price and make money off it places like new york for example built a lot of turnpikes but with the invention of the steamship came a very strong demand for canals and it canal is a man made river a man-made river the most successful and famous was the erie canal located in new york it was really an engineering marvel at the time it was over 300 miles long when the next longest canal at the time was nowhere even close and it was a huge success because it connected the atlantic ocean with the great lakes region you know so it allowed for commerce oops it allowed for commerce to make it from the atlantic uh into the great lakes into places like chicago into the interior of the united states into some of that northwest territory that was being so aggressively settled at that time and all of these internal improvements fall under this umbrella umbrella term we call the american system the american system is a good term to know just in general it's related to a lot of these internal improvements in transportation road construction canal construction railroad construction but it's also tied to other things right so we're just going to say that the american system is a quote-unquote catch-all term to describe internal or maybe domestic improvements right so transportation is a big part of it but it's not the only part of it it could also include things like tariffs recall that tariffs are taxes on foreign goods it's designed to foster domestic domestic companies and we could also put the second national bank here or the second bank of the united states under this again any sort of internal improvement in the early 1800s whether it's canals or railroads or protective tariffs or banking or whatever it is it falls under this term called the american system again that's a term that you probably do want to be familiar with the american system so for all the road construction and all the canal construction uh you can see here a couple of images provided by the text you know this is a canal with the steamship that's on it uh here in indiana there's an elaborate canal network that was constructed a little bit lower here you get new york's this is lake ontario the erie canal would have erie canal would have been about right here um what you can't see is that in new york there's a river that goes north and south called the hudson i believe this is probably the hudson river and the erie canal then connected the hudson river which this goes out to the atlantic scroll down here a little bit uh that goes out to the atlantic ocean through new york city which becomes a pretty important city in terms of commerce so what the um you know what the erie canal allowed for was uh you know maybe the color that we can see a little bit better is that you know ships could come in from the atlantic from europe from england from wherever uh from the american south sail up the hudson river sail across the erie canal and really get into this great lakes region into the interior of the united states and so that's why it was so important however though for all the road construction and canal construction one thing that really that really triumphed over all of them was railroads and railroads were more you know more efficient than canals and roads and in some cases really kind of put canals out of business the canal age in the united states is you know it's a very sort of exciting and and rapid rapidly changing the landscape but canals you know you know it they're just too expensive to create compared to a railroad you know rather than having to dig a man-made river a railroad is just you know two iron bars on the ground and and once you lay the tracks then you're good to go and a train can carry far more than a ship at least in those days and so railroads ultimately became kind of the go-to way of transporting goods of transporting people and uh the nations that developed some of the most sophisticated and powerful railroad networks became the you know the strongest militarily economically etc etc the mohawk and hudson railroad company established the first rail service this happened approximately 1831 by 1860 the us has the most oops the most railroads say railroad track in the world right so it's not just that the united states uh had um you know created a lot of improvements in transportation relative to itself it certainly did but even when compared to the rest of the world i believe even that the united states had more railroad mileage than the rest of the world put together just to kind of put it to perspective and again when it came to transporting goods there really is no other way of doing it that matches the railroad in this era and so all these improvements led to americans you know being on the move travel times were dramatically decreased so for example to go from i think your textbook says boston to rhode island i think that's the transportation it used to take four days before the train you know four days by horseback uh now it took half a day thanks to the trade ah sorry the train and like i mentioned before this not only led to more commerce this was one of the reasons why we mentioned in the previous chapter 9.1 that goods became more readily available part of that was not just increasing the efficiency at which goods are made but also meant increase the efficiency to which goods can be distributed so now goods could go over long distances um you know before the america sorry before the industrial revolution every single thing that was made or every single thing that a person possessed or had around them would have been made within about a 10 mile radius thanks to industrialization transport by trains things can now go over very much long distances and it also connected um people together right so isolated might say isolated farm families getting all sorts of spelling wrong now became tied in with an american culture and you certainly see that more so in the areas that have a lot more rail networks we're talking specifically here in the north this is going to be important later but a lot of these transformations that we're talking about right now whether it's telegraph canals railroads factories all of these things are being most intensely felt in the north and you know the south is going through its own transformations but a very different one that northerners are going through