so this is glucose it's a 6-carbon carbohydrate that can either be in the linear form or it can convert to the cyclic form and this is carbon one this is carbon two carbon three etc and these aren't arbitrary numbers this is officially carbon one officially carbon two etc that you should just get familiar with so when we have this linear form how do we convert to the cyclic form well to determine this first remember this was carbon five with its hydroxyl and remember this is carbon one essentially we can go through an intramolecular reaction where this oxygen with its lone pairs of electrons acts as a nucleophile while this carbon acts as an electrophile so we can go through an intramolecular reaction where this hydroxyl nucleophilically attacks this carbon number one and when it does that it forms a bond and when it forms a bond it pushes these pi electrons up on this oxygen and remember we have free rotation around a lot of these bonds so essentially what happens is this linear form will get in a very specific conformation it will these bonds will will Bend and have their specific conformation so now remember this hydroxyl for this carbon number five this hydroxyl remember nucleophilically attacks carbon one remember we said this hydroxyl nucleophilically attacks carbon one so we see that here it gets in this right particular conformation where we can go through the intramolecular nucleophilic reaction so we nucleophilically attack forming a bond and when we form that bond we push these pi electrons up on this oxygen when we do that we form this structure we're again remember we attacked forming a bond represented by this bond and then when we do that we push these pi electrons up on this oxygen so then we would have that auction and ironed out get protonated forming this cyclic form so now we form this cyclic form of glucose so again it's always on the carbon five that hydroxyl attacking forming the cyclic form and now we have the cyclic form but this carbon one which again was originally the aldehyde this is referred to as the anomeric carbon and it's the carbon that was attacked by this oxygen so now we have the cyclic form but the point is this carbon one is the anomeric carbon and there are two types of Anna Marie can form because again remember this is an sp2 carbon so because it's an sp2 carbon it's planar so therefore because we have free rotation around this particular bond this hydroxyl this oxygen nucleophile can attack on this face or content AK on this face so if we happen to have the specific rotation where we attack on this face we form the beta anomer however if we attack on this face we form the alpha anomer so these are both glucose molecules the only thing that differs is the stereochemistry of this carbon one this anomeric carbon so again this is the alpha anomer and this is the beta anomer and the way I like to remember this is if the hydroxyl points away from this carbon six remember clear this is carbon six so if it points away that's the Alpha anamur a 4a way so if it points in the away from this this carbon six that's alpha anomer however if it points in the same direction as this carbon six remember this was carbon six so if it points in the same direction it's the beta anomer but the point is depending on which side it attacks determines whether you form the beta anomer or the alpha n work but once we form these cyclic forms we can go back to the linear form and it's the same mechanism whether we're the beta anima or the alpha anomer so I'm just specifically going to focus on the alpha anomer but we know once we form this cyclic form we can go back to the linear form so how do we do this well the first step is we take this oxygen and we protonate it so we simply protonate it now that we've protonated we can go through a reaction where these lone pairs of electrons scootch down when they fall down they form a double bond and when that double bond is formed this bond breaks and these electrons in this bond fall in the oxygen and if we did that we'd form essentially we'd essentially form this structure we'd form this structure because again remember the electrons scootch down forming a double bond represented by this double bond and then this bond breaks and these electrons fall in this oxygen so we would get this guy so now once we form this structure we would essentially just simply deprotonate this oxygen when we deep hearth need this oxygen now we have this aldehyde which again this is the linear form it's in a very specific conformation here but again this is essentially is the linear form so that's the mechanism of how we go from the cyclic form to the you're mean it would be the exact same mechanism whether it was the beta annum or alpha anomer but so we see these processes are reversible we can have the linear form then form maybe the Alpha anamur then go back to the linear form then maybe the beta anomer then back to the linear form then maybe back to the beta anomer just by chance but the point is these processes are reversible so this process of going from linear to cyclic to linear is referred to as motor rotation but again the point is once we have the linear form we can form the cyclic form and there are two types we can form two alpha anamur or the beta anomer