Lecture Notes: Peter Paul Rubens and the Elevation of the Cross

Introduction

• Location: Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp
• Artwork: Enormous altarpiece by Peter Paul Rubens
• Originally intended for: Church of St. Walburga in Antwerp

Historical and Contextual Background

• Church of St. Walburga:
  • Central in Medieval Antwerp
  • Dated back to the 8th century
  • Area of lively, dense urban fabric near the wharf
  • Sailors' first stop for thanksgiving
• Architectural Note:
  • New choir built over a street with 19 steps
  • Rubens' painting placed high in the choir

Description of the Altarpiece

• Composition:
  • Fuses multiple figures in the effort of elevating the cross
  • Serpentine movement reminiscent of Michelangelo
• Figures:
  • Christ's triumphant expression looking toward God
  • Michelangelo's influence noted in the sinuous beauty
• Symbolism:
  • Pelican at the top symbolizing sacrifice
  • Depiction of human emotions and drama

Rubens' Return to Antwerp

• Returned from Italy after 8 years
• Right timing: 1609 peace treaty between Southern and Northern Netherlands
• Economic boom and renovation of churches
• Catholic Church's use of images post-Reformation

Commission and Importance

• Commission:
  • Initiated by wealthy merchant Cornelius Vrints
  • Supported by church wardens and priest
  • Fundraising efforts for the altarpiece
• Impact on Rubens’ Career:
  • First major commission in Antwerp
  • Secured his reputation and prominence

Artistic and Religious Significance

• Artistic Elements:
  • Use of traditional triptych format with innovative continuity
  • Monumental figures with glittering robes
• Religious Experience:
  • Enhances the elevation of the cross during Mass
  • Invites viewer participation through dramatic depiction

Conclusion

• Rubens’ joy and pleasure in painting highlighted
• The altarpiece as a celebration of art and religious devotion
• Rubens' career solidified as a leading figure in art due to this work