I joined Akasha 9th standard so I joined early I gave Anthony an 8th standard pretty much a game changing moment for me now I'm competing all across India [Music] hello everyone good evening and welcome to your very own six to eight channel I'm Aishwarya and today's class is going to be a very interesting and of course it's a very important class which is on the chapter cell structure and function now of course this particular chapter I'm doing a one shot on this because of popular demand because all you wonderful students told me ma'am this is coming for you know the midterms we need to make sure that you know we study this chapter which is why I am here with this particular chapter yes all right I can see that a lot of you are here already good evening good evening everyone yes hello everyone good evening are we excited for this particular chapter I have Ankita I can see is here for the first live session with me that is amazing I hope that you are going to have an amazing class today Rakesh duty all right I have gold lado if you could tell me what your name is it would be great yes all right sanjana is also new wonderful shaguna is here yes I think you will have to remind me yes a little bit but of course Very quickly I can see prayanshi is also here Nito is new welcome everyone welcome yes so today's class is going to be on the chapter cell structure and function and of course we're going to be covering the whole chapter so in case if you have your notebooks and Pen ready with you it would be great or in case if you just want to make broad pointers as well you can have your textbook with you and you can underline the important pointers that are there yes hello ananya hello who's the Fatima hello I am amazing I am excited yes sir Mr is also attending the live for the first time that is great I can see a lot of new live students who are here that is brilliant so very quickly everybody please tell your friends as well to be a part of the class have some water with you because today's class as much as I want to wind up in 30 minutes will take me some time so it may extend up to 40 minutes as well so of course Very quickly everybody please make sure you have water with you in case we want to snack on something also I'm fine with it because I know it's very late you've had a lot of classes this is your third class with me so I'm completely fine with it but I want all eyes and ears on this chapter right so very quickly everybody I hope my audio my video and my screen and what I'm writing on the screen is visible to all of you yes very quickly everyone yes all right that's amazing I can see I want a quick thumbs up give me an all clear so that I can get started okay yes all right very good very good is that so awesome when we've hit 21 000 on our Channel amazing amazing everybody we have hit 21 000 subscribers it's a big milestone for all of us and it's all possible because of you so thank you so much everyone so on that celebration we are going to go ahead and get started so now of course you know that a lot of you here of course have seen the promotional videos for Anthony and we keep talking about ante but if you are new and there is nothing but the Akash national talent hunt exam which is a small step that you can take in your road to preparation for J and Nate and if you are wondering what should I do or how do I prepare for JE and need what is this Jen need and you know you want all of this that you want to learn about then please get yourself registered for the webinar that is happening on this weekend on 18th of September at 12 30 PM we have kushboo ma'am and Ankita I'm coming and they will be telling you a little bit on J and neat how to start preparation especially for Class 8 9 and 10. yes so please make sure that you all get registered because you will definitely benefit because if you have no idea ma'am what do I do or maybe I'll deal with it when I'm in 11th grade it might be you know something that may would have been little scary for you in 11th which is sometimes in eighth ninth only we tell you to start looking at all these things okay maybe you know what is J maybe you know what is neat so get registered it's a free webinar not a problem you can just register yourself and on the concept of registration I hope all of you have registered for Anthony yes and of course exams are happening in November we're going to kick start preparation as well so everybody do not forget to get registered for anti because of course NASA is the cherry on the top but see you win 100 scholarship for Akash courses you will have of course cash rewards that are there so it'll be an exposure for all of you right okay so now of course that I've had told you about all these important things we're going to get started everybody so of course in our class today we are going to be covering about some of the important topics right is asking where can I register for the webinar Duty link is in the description you can check for it I know there'll be many many links on the description just look for the webinar and I'll also get it pinned on the comment section so after the you know session in the video if you come back it will be pinned in the comment all right everyone oh thank you so much that's so sweet of you yes all right okay will it happen in our banshika so details of ante it will have you can take an online exam or it'll be offline right offline will be based on some centers online you can take it from home also yes so we're gonna get started everybody so today's class is going to be understanding what is cell right and what are the different types of cells cell size how is this important we're going to look little bit on levels of organization we will learn about the components of cell and its structure and we learn about plant cells and animal cells right but when I whenever especially when it comes to biology right I always tell you there are some things that you learn the best when you visualize so when we talk about cell structure right I am going to be switching to the software where of course some of you would have seen me talk about its bacterial structure and types in detail where we visualized each of it right so what we are going to do is I will be switching to a 3D software where we are going to be learning about it visually so that tomorrow you will never forget what a cell membrane or what is the structure of cell what are the important components so please make sure that you stay tuned throughout the class for this best understanding of cell structure and function yes so now of course when we talk about cell and I can say that a lot of you are telling me ma'am cell is the smallest unit it is a structural and functional unit there are various ways in which right where we can relate to what is said so I'm going to take a very easy example we all go to school every day no we go to school we see our friends we go to our classroom we have our benches we have places where we sit right so school is something that we see at least five days a week right yes or no very quickly school is not something which is new to us School the building it's all something that we see every single day right so what all do we find in school can you tell me what are all the different things that we find in school yes can you all tell me very quickly very good very good yes which is this place this is one of our you know a team members school yes we have blackboards Library tables yes office benches Garden amazing playground park very good so we have so many Electric Board teachers are there table is there benches there computer labs are there chart you know boards are there so many things are there but at the end of the day right when you look at school school is a building right now there are various ways in which you can Define what makes a school now I'm gonna do it at a simpler way okay I'm gonna do it in a very simple way at the end of the day for a building to be made you will tell me ma'am bricks are going to be there yes brics are of course there I will get to the thing right but schools have rooms right there are so many rooms all these rooms will come together and they make up the building and to connect all these rooms you have corridors you have doors right so many things are there but at the end of the day many many many rooms come together and they make up the building yes and each room has its purpose some rooms are going to be classes right you have class eight class seven class nine right and of course apart from that we have other classes also for example other rooms are there so some rooms which are going to be there will become classrooms right some rooms that are there will become you know your teacher's staff room right some rooms that are there will become your Auditorium or it will become your library right so if you think about it even if you say each room at the basic level is made up of a break if you think about it a room in itself can serve so many different functions right so simply if you think about it we can Define it as just like how a building is made up of rooms and at the end of the day they are all made up of these bricks right we see here that our body is also made up of certain building blocks or certain bricks and we call them as cells right so just to give you a better understanding when we say building blocks I do have building blocks with me right because it's important we compare bricks to cells yes we do we always do that so now if you can make me a little big on screen Vishnu like really big and in the center right so just like how you all were telling me no no we'll get me to the center only yes so as you can see here I have so many different kinds of building blocks and we've all played with these building blocks when we are young right so every single building block when you arrange it in whatever manner we put it one on top of the other it is giving you a structure right so I can put it here and this I have created maybe a tar right so we can do various different kinds of things yes these are toys that we've played in our kindergarten but just like that these are all you could think of this as a train maybe right so at the end of the day these are all the building blocks that make up our body so just like how I've made something out of some pieces cells you can imagine to be like this right these are sets the bricks or the building blocks that are there now cells most often we can make me small again so cells of course can be defined in multiple ways which means that we tell that it is the basic unit of life or we say that it is the the basic structural and functional unit of life now what do we do what do I mean by it is the structural and functional unit structural means that it is many cells together are what gives structure or what gives shape to the organism right and we see that functional unit right what do I mean by functional when I say functional unit these cells are capable of performing certain functions that a living organism is able to perform so are we clear with why we say cell is the basic unit of life or what's why we say cell is the basic structural and functional unit are we cleared everybody this is very very important this is the basics because later on in ninth grade also you will learn fundamental unit of life and you need to know about this right very good and any doubts that you have of course as you know I'll have a doubt board section and you can bombard me with doubts yes all right now of course cell is not something that you know we just decided one day that you know we have cells right functional once again yes I will so let's take an example right so you have leaves what is the function of the leaf what is the function it is to prove you know do photosynthesis right now we know that leaf has this shape because many cells are arranged in this manner but how is the leaf able to perform this photosynthesis because of the cells that are doing this function right so cells individually will do photosynthesis and collectively when they form the leaf we say that leaf does photosynthesis which is why we say that cell is the structural and functional unit of life are we clear everybody are we clear I'm going to be very slow unless and until I know that you may tell me ma'am don't be so slow but at the same time I want you to understand this yes very good very good now of course cells were something which was not discovered you know yesterday or day before right it was discovered way way before so in the year 1665 and this is very important on an examination point of view because they ask you questions on who discovered cell or who coined the term cell right these are two questions that you will get on your exam yes so when you talk about discovery of cells Robert Hook was the person who discovered this so what he did was he took the bark of the tree now you will be like bark ma'am what is this bark so on the outside of the tree you will see one brownish color thing right which looks very rough and you know very brownish and dark and looks like it's going to hurt you yes that is the Bark now this bark is made up of some kind of cells just learn the name it is called as cells and you'll learn later like in your ninth grade you'll learn about how cells are formed so don't worry about it so what he did was he took that and he put it under a microscope and he saw that there were various compartments right and these compartments looked like honeycomb like structures honeycomb is what makes up a beehive right so you see that they are like many patterns many compartments like this and he saw that this reminded him these boxes or these honeycomb like structures reminded him of the rooms that he saw when he visited a monastery where monks live and there it was called as sella those rooms are called as Cellar hence the name cell came into the picture right so you only need to know who coined the term cell who coined the term cell Roberto but as a science student as a biology student you should know why he came up itself why couldn't he call it as you know room or door or brick why why did he call it a cell that is the reason right so this year is very important to understand very good Robert Hooke did not make the first microscope the first microscope was made by Anton van leeuwen Hawk all right yes lakshman please tell me your doubt right please tell me the word cell is derived from Cela right seller it's a lot in word that is there all right very good everyone very good so lakshman what I would suggest is if you wait for five more minutes I'm going to be reaching the doubt board where you can ask me your doubt just give me five more minutes okay Selah is a Latin word for the cells or the rooms that are there which he found in a monastery or you know like a priv you know like basically where monks and you know priests priests is an easier word monks is what we will be telling about okay lakshman I am going to be explaining cytoplasm just give me five minutes I'm getting to that part okay now we know that all living organisms okay all living organisms whether it's a plant whether it's an animal or whether it is going to be you know some microorganism they are considered to be living if they are made up of cells right and of course sometimes we say that they are cellular as well so cellular is a term that is there all right now of course we see that organisms are of two kinds okay we see that some organisms that are there are made up of just one single cell all right while there are some organisms which are made up of many cells now if you take maybe fungi there will be a few hundred thousand cells you take animals and plants there'll be millions and trillions of cells right so we see that there are many many such cells that put together and that make up an organism so uni means single that means one while multi means many yes are we following are we focusing right so examples of unicellular organisms most common easy example is amoeba very good paramecium is an example you can tell me some more examples yes comes under which group of microorganisms they come under protozoa all right yes very good Tia very good Hydra is a multicellular organism not unicellular okay yes yeast is unicellular very good relics Hydra is multicellular yes all right euglena is there very good very good euglena is also unicellular these are all some examples that you can write down now multicellular very easy examples animals and plants if you write more than enough okay normally they will ask you all right now in multicellular organisms because there are so many cells right so why do we call it as an organism in the first place because they are a living entity they are able to survive by themselves right so in this case we look at a unicellular organism like amoeba they have only one single cell right and all the activities that will happen whether it's happening in in an animal or whether it's happening in amoeba the basic functions are more or less the same which means that they will do reproduction they will do digestion right they will be able to do respiration basic functions that are there are very simple right while in multicellular organisms because their bodies made with so many cells we see that there is a need to organize them so you think about it if you have one uniform okay you know that one uniform is enough to go to school but if you have four or five uniforms or if you have many things you'll have to arrange it group it keep it together right so it's important that you understand this is unicellular made up of one cell or one type of cell it is made up of one cell yes I will be getting to prokaryotic and eukaryotic but first I'll be teaching you nucleus and what is its function and then I will teach you prokaryotic and eukaryotic okay what is single cell single cell means one cell just one single cell okay all right how to measure cell there are various ways of measuring we have a lot of equipments which help us measure it yes very good vanshika very good so we see that cells get organized at various levels all right so we see that many cells which are similar in structure that means they are of same shape okay and that come together so all these cells will do one function only right so they come together to perform a common function is what we call as tissues so this definition here is very very important for all of you now we see that many tissues come together to form organs whereas organs will form organ systems so stomach is an organ liver is an organ right and all these organs will form an organ system like the digestive system and all these different organ systems that are there will form an organism right it is not unicellular this is seen in multi-cellular organisms very very important right yes so very quickly if you see this again is a question that you will get in your exam difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms so unicellular is mirrors made up of one single cell while multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell or you can say many cells right they have a very simple body organization they have only one cell no nothing much but here we see that there's complex body organs organization and various levels of organization yes so a single cell here in unicellular organisms right they're made up of single cell so that one single cell will do everything while your multiple cells perform different functions and then of course here you can write some examples yes so for those of you who may have to leave right now I completely understand you can come back and watch the video do not worry are we clear any everybody are we clear yes make a note of this take a screenshot or I will be sending the PDF on telegram you will be getting it there is the blue thing amoeba yes it is any doubt so far so far with what I have covered if you ask me about cytoplasm I'm going to cover it okay but you have to tell me so far have you understood everything okay yashwi has our exam all the best all the best yes what is amoeba amoeba is a single cell organism right it's only one single cell and we see that it is what is responsible so it is able to survive by itself it's an organism yes all right very good combination of cells is called tissue you can say that but if you're using the term combination right I would always say that say that it's a combination or it's a group is a better word to use group of cells which are similar in structure discovery of nucleus we're getting to it yes we want to know more about complex organization that is there okay complex organization I want to teach but it's beyond your syllabus it's a ninth grade but I'll do a separate shot maybe on this let me know in the comments okay very good very good we want to know about complex and simple organizations see when I say simple organization Tia I think when I explained structure no it will become easy for you definition of cell cell is nothing but the basic unit of life or it is the structural and functional unit of life this is what is cell okay bihari gaming I am getting to cell wall function I will be telling is blue green algae a single cell so it's made up of a colony of cells okay so many many will be there so it's a colony what we call what is brick wall brick wall is a wall made of bricks right okay all right everyone we I am we are good to go this is the basics we are going to move on to the next part where we're going to talk about types of cells now in multicellular organisms right so in multicellular organisms we find different types of cells that are there it's not that one single cell will be making up our whole body no no we see that there are various different types of cells so we have neuron that is there okay so we have neuron we have you know smooth muscle cells we have red blood cells we have various different kinds of cells that are there yes so let's understand right what is Neuron now neuron as you are asking me is a type of cell that we find inside our body that has an elongated structure so can you see it's very long right and we also call neuron as nerve cell yes our similar and we also call it as nerve cell it's just another name now we see that neuron is part of our nervous system and it is responsible for control it's responsible for coordinating various activities that we do right so if you see right like whether I'm moving my hand like this in order to move my hand there needs to be an Impulse there needs to be a message that needs to go to my muscles so all these messages that are passed to different parts of our body is done by the neuron similarly when we look at muscle cells right we see that muscle cells also have the spindle shape structure right so we see that they have a spindle shaped structure and they are responsible for muscular movement that is there similarly when you look at rbcs we see that rbcs have a bicon cave or a disk like structure and we see that this dislike structure facilitates in transport of oxygen right so in all of these cases we see that they are all of different shapes right we see that they are all of different shapes and it's not so many random shape but their shape is in such a way that it facilitates right it facilitates the function now this again is going to be a question you will get in your exam okay how how is the shape of a cell and its function related right so you will be able to you get such questions like this how is both of all these things related so this is the way you will answer right so different shapes are there to facilitate the functions that are there all right so this is all about the different shapes are we clear everybody are we clear spindle shapes what is impulse impulse is an electrical signal that goes through inside our body all right this is a very tricky party if you get all of this no remaining cell is like easy peasy like you will tell me ma'am what is this this chapter was so simple I never knew yes is describe neuron yes very good very good what is pyro Gyra so Spyro Gyra is a multicellular algae all right what is onion cell onion cell is a cell that makes up an onion right and it's a type of plant cell okay very clear amazing plant cell is square in shape no it has a more of a hexagonal polygonal shape mode mainly polygon is the right word okay very good very good all clear very good okay so I'm taking my time everywhere because I want you all to feel very comfortable with this chapter so now of course we have moved on to understanding what is nerve cell I am confused see nerve cell is a type of cell which is there inside our body which is there inside our brain it makes up our brain basically and it is responsible for sending information to different parts of the body lakshman I have answered this question onion cell is a plant cell which is polygonal in nature what is spindle cell spindle is not a cell but it's rather a shape right so it is a shape that is there it's a spindle shape all right now another thing that all of you will be confused about about and I want you all to be very clear about it right is the difference between a single cell and a single cell organism some of you are asking me ma'am we have amoeba and you know we have cells what is different right and this is an example that is there in the ncrt which I'm going to pick up and explain see you have a unicellular organism which is amoeba it is made up of one single cell right the whole cell is there and the cell is able to do all of its activity and it is able to survive by itself or on its own right but if you look at WBC which is wide blood cell which we find inside our body you take this WBC out and then you put it outside it will not be able to survive it cannot survive individually so an organism a unicellular organism has the ability to survive on its own whether it's in water or wherever like in the case of amoeba we find it in water it's able to survive by itself when I take one single WBC outside the body it will not be able to survive right so WBC is nothing but white blood cells all right yes now we see one thing which is common between the two though is that both of them tend to have an army void shape which means that it is not a regular shape it's a little irregular and this shape again serves the function so amoeba for it to move around it has this while for single cell WBC because the function of WBC is to provide protection to our body it has to squeeze through different parts and reach the destination which is why WBC also have it but difference again being that amoeba can survive while WBC cannot survive yes all right what is WBC white blood cells okay so which means that both don't have a certain shape yes they don't have a certain shape they have a irregular or an undefined shape right so they tend to have a undefined or irregular shape as the term that I would use all right I'll be talking about chromosomes please give me some time I'm getting to that part okay which is doing the initial part of the chapter now last but not the least I'm going to quickly talk about I think the images disappeared but is the size of the cell how big are cells so if multicellular organism if I am there am I just one single cell no right I'm made up of many cells and they are microscopic in nature yes but at the end of the day when you look at all of this right so whether you take a neuron so I'm going to quickly draw a neuron because I don't like a blank slide right it's a very very sad drawing that is there so if this is my neuron yes we see that neuron has an elongated shape and some of them again to serve the function right we see that some of them some neurons are as long as one meter in the body right but an RBC that is there which is discoid will have only likes very small and the smallest cell that we find on Earth is mycoplasma which is very very tiny while the largest being that of the ostrich egg yes so another question you will get is the size of the cell matter with does the size of the cell differ with size of an organism so and I'll give you I'll give you a trick question okay does the size of a cell or size of cells in rats differ from size of cells in an elephant yes can you tell me size of cell in Rat is it different from size of cell and elephant this is a very commonly asked question yes very good very good yes very good lakshman very good heart simran no it's not size of the organism might be different that is with respect to number right but the cells will still be the same but of course different cells have different you know lengths it has different shapes different dimensions so on and so forth so it's important that you understand all of this yes I will definitely be uploading all of all of this on Telegram so very quickly everybody any doubts I took doubt board in between throughout and I kept answering but I hope so far are we clear yes jigar please tell me please tell me no doubts what is the size of a eukaryotic cell C it differs eukaryotic cell is a very broad category now if you take an animal cell if you take a size of maybe an ostrich egg like I told you here right we see that an ostrich egg which is one of the largest eukaryotic cells is of around 150 170 mm into around 135 mm yes very good is cyanobacteria the smallest no all right it is not the smallest what is Golgi complex it's a cell organelle which I will be explaining to you in just a bit yes all right what is cytoplasm what is it what is Celia and flagella very interesting question very very interesting question Celia although it is not there are hair like structures so on the surface you see that there are very tiny hair like structures while flagella that is there are whipped light structures which means in Euglena and all if you see it'll be a long whip like structure yes label the structure of neuron I will do it okay diagrams can you draw these after completing yes yes I will draw it okay they will be having some videos coming out we're doing a very nice video for diagrams so last week also we were planning to release and this week also is under processing it's taking a while but when it comes out it's gonna be amazing I've drawn it and we've done it it's it's brilliant like it's going to be crazy yes which is the smallest cell mycoplasma Golgi apparatus is a cell organelle difference between plant and animal cell I'll be telling you towards the end of the session okay I am explaining that just give me five minutes I'm almost done with this part this is the introduction part right so of course everybody with this do not forget to hit that like button to you know go ahead and subscribe to our Channel because see we go out of our way to make sure that you know it we give you everything whether it's for your midterms whether it's for preparing you for the future this is the channel where you're going to find it all so please be part of our universe right so please hit that subscribe button alright so do not forget I think I missed your doubt I will not go ahead without you telling me what is your doubt definitely going to understand that's so sweet that's very sweet sanat yes plant an animal cell I am going to so we'll have to get to understanding what is plant and animal before I tell you difference okay so I will be telling you yes all right okay why is cell so small to perform its functions effectively to be more efficient right we see that you know the cells are small in size if it was one very big thing whether it's to you know repair to grow it'll take a long time but when it is small it is easy right and it's more efficient function of cytoplasm see I am going to start with cytoplasm so just wait five minutes I'm going to be explaining it vacuole also I'm going to be explaining it just give me some time okay all right so now that we have understood about the cell and all of you want to know about cell and cell structure we are getting to the main part of it yes so now of course I told you right if you were to imagine cell to be like a classroom then we see that a classroom has walls a classroom has a door classroom has space inside and inside the classroom you will find yours teachers you'll find your student right we'll have all of this now you can imagine that you can think about the components of the classroom by picturing it to the components of the cell or vice versa I'll rephrase this you can think about the components of the cell by relating it with your classroom for example the three primary components of the cell include your cell membrane so these are your primary components cell membrane cytoplasm and you have your nucleus so here I tell you that the walls of the classroom right or the boundaries of your room they are your cell membrane now the space that is there inside the classroom that is your cytoplasm and the nucleus is the Headmaster so here it will be your teacher right so this is going to be very simple and very easy to relate and we're going to learn more about the structure and function but before I dwell deeper into this it's time to visualize all of it so Vishnu can be switched okay now we're going to switch all right okay so I'll be telling you all about it everybody wants to know about cell membrane about structure yes I love writing that's why I love writing a lot and like I told you right so I learned by writing a lot so even when I teach it reflects on my learnings that this is how I tend to remember yes amazing tanu I will remember I will remember I've been calling you lakshman all class but I will remember now just give us one more minute Vishnu is setting it up and we are good to go yes and you can take this minute to drink some water because I know I've been at it 40 minutes and we have some more to do so please drink water yes oh that's amazing that's amazing I am telling you what is cytoplasm just give me one minute they're setting it up because we need to switch to the software no what is my name my name is Aishwarya I think you are very new to the class okay bihari gaming is my new subscriber that's amazing lots of love okay all right no problem Vishnu you can take your time he's telling please give me a minute you take time it's okay all our students are eagerly waiting right I will label a Kunal is also a new subscriber that is great meiosis and mitosis cell division I'll not be doing now right but I'll be needing some time question answer from your side I'll be doing that as well but not in this class because mainly I want to finish the chapter right so I'll be doing Concepts mainly yes all right is my screen visible everybody very quickly give me a thumbs up can you move me to the other side Vishnu shagun is a new subscriber that is great oh Aishwarya is your friend's name that's great okay till Vishnu moves me ha so I have to face here and explain all right so now my screen is visible and what you see on a screen is a single cell right and we're going to learn about the components now I told you and I want you to write this down the three components of cell are your cell membrane right so here as you can see now let me just highlight the cell membrane let's have the labels on the screen yes all right just give me one minute let's reset this okay so first and foremost what we're going to do is I'm going to get rid of all the things that we don't need right and we're going to be looking at the cell membrane which is the outermost boundary that you see right here right so this right here on the outermost one that is there is the cell membrane all right while on the other hand when we talk about the cell membrane in detail right it will see that it will look something like this it's made of many many proteins and we see that the main function of the cell membrane is to act as a you know like a layer right so mainly if you talk about a cell membrane we always say that cell membrane is selectively permeable now you can relate this to the guard that is there in your school you'll always have a security guard security guard what will he do he'll be like do you have ID card if you have ID card you are wearing uniform then I will let you in but if you do not have it then you will not be allowed to enter this is what we call as selectively permeable so the cell membrane is selectively permeable and is the outermost covering of all cells right but in plant cell there's a difference in plant cells they have one more layer which means outside the cell membrane they will have one more layer which is known as the cell wall right yes cell membrane is also known as plasma membrane all right are we clear yes very good very good now the next component is cytoplasm now as I zoom in right you can see that this dark blue color light blue color thing can You observe this is light blue color I'm just going to move yes what I'm marking on the screen this light blue color that is there is what we call as the cytoplasm now a lot of you are asking mom what is the cytoplasm now cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid can you see how it's like jelly like and it's you know sort of you know there which is you know looks like a jelly-like thing which is floating that is there no so this jelly like substance that you see is the cytoplasm and cytoplasm has two functions function number one is to make sure that all we see the cell organelles are suspended that is there yes and secondly we see that cytoplasm is a place where lot of chemical reactions take place so cytoplasm has two important functions yes it is jelly like in structure right jelly like and hibiscus very you know thick and fluidy like that and apart from this what we also observe is that the cytoplasm in its composition right or what the cytoplasm is made up of it is made up of lot of water almost 90 percent of it is water and the other percentage you find different kinds of substances that are there yes so this is all about the second component are we clear with cell membrane are we clear with cell wall and are we clear with cytoplasm cell wall function I told you it is there in plant cells right and it's the outermost which means in normal functioning I would say so I would say that in normally in plant cells what they do is they provide protection and rigidity okay so these are the functions of these two things now we have so many different cell organelles that are there but what we need to focus on is this thing this thing that you see that I've highlighted in green what you see right here in the center is the nucleus and the nucleus is the control center where everything happens right it's the master mind and it is responsible for regulating the functioning of all other whatever is happening inside the cell energy is getting produced it's the role of new nucleus has a role but whether it you know it's about maybe some substance which has to go outside the cell then nucleus will have a control right so this is the role of cell wall so nucleus so for those of you who are still confused I'll switch back to the presentation and I'm going to explain all of this once again so do not worry okay now we look at some nice animation so here as you can see like I told you right across the cell membrane yes so cell membrane that is there I told you only selective substance are permeable I mean so it will allow only certain things to pass through so so many things are there but we see that only some of it is getting through so this is what we are visualizing and understanding as selectively permeable all right so this is again very important to understand I know right like I I totally agree with you heart simran this is like the solar system itself it's wonderful this is the cell membrane right this is the cell membrane that is there so now we can have multiple views as well so I'm going to reset let's have a view so here we also have nucleus so this is the nucleus structure so I'm going to quickly take you through it and I'm going to describe all of this once again again for those of you who are asking me cytoplasm it is the jelly-like substance wherein all the membranes where all the cell organelles are found suspended and it is present between right between your cell membrane and your nucleus yes plants have an extra cell wall or they do not have cell membrane they have an extra layer or an extra membrane which is known as the cell wall okay they have cell membrane they have cell membrane and cell wall all right yes now we're going to quickly look at the structure of nucleus now as you can see nucleus is very prominent and it is found in the cell and mostly located in the center and they have a nuclear envelope right so what you see outside is the nuclear membrane this pink color thing I'm going to zoom in so this pink color thing that you see is the nuclear membrane all right and we see that it is not continuous there is nuclear pores present why are nuclear pores needed so like I told you right nucleus is the control center that regulates all of these functions so to send out messages through this pores we have things that come out okay I'm not go I mean as much as I want to teach you in detail because we have some restrictions of your grade we see that through the nuclear pore it will go out okay messages will go out it's a very important component of the living cell very good very good what is the work of nuclear membrane it acts as an outermost covering right and it encloses now inside we see that there is nucleoplasm so inside the nucleus also we have nucleoplasm and there's a structure known as nucleolus which is a dense dark structure and you also find the chromosomes that are there now in terms of function of chromosomes and all of that I would prefer that we switch into a better view right so it's important that you are able to view and visualize this clearly yes all right so are we clear so far with just the structure of nucleus okay function of chromosome and everything I'll tell you in detail do not worry about it okay are we clear everybody [Music] yes all right thank you so much I understand that today's class is running a little late it's almost gone for like 50 minutes and I'll probably need another 10-15 more minutes to wrap this up right so for those of you who still have doubts don't worry I'm going to switch back and I'm going to be teaching all of this once again with some visuals clematomonas is a type of uh what do you say it's a type of algae it's unicellular one yes tanu yes yes all right okay so just very quickly give me a minute yes all right so now let's quickly switch back so now that we have visualized all of these parts right we're going to switch back and quickly recall them once again hello Om hello okay all right so now of course when we talk about so we've looked at the basic structure right so here we know the first structure that we looked at was cell membrane which is also known as plasma membrane now plasma membrane is responsible for separating the cell from the uh so basically the components of cell from the outside and the inside yes and we see that the plasma membrane is selectively permeable which means that it will only allow certain substances to pass through it and it forms the boundary that is there right and it encloses all the cellular components inside it whatever is there inside the cell the cell membrane will enclose it now in plant cell I told you there is an additional layer right so can we also make me small in the meanwhile yes so in plant cell apart from cell membrane cell membranes are in all cells but apart from in plant cell and of course in bacteria also we find cell wall now in plant cell we see that cell wall is made up of cellulose and what is the function function is to provide protection to the plant cell and for providing rigidity now we also have cytoplasm right so we see that there is cytoplasm which is the second component we discussed now the role of cytoplasm here of course it is that it is a jelly like viscous fluid and we see that the main role of the cytoplasm here is that all the cell organelles are found suspended and we see that it is present between the nuclear membrane and we see that between the cell membrane and many chemical activities right so various chemical activities take place inside this cytop I mean inside the cytoplasm then we have nucleus which I told you is the control center now it has the nuclear membrane there's a dense structure known as nucleolus and this nucleolus that is there is made up of many proteins and ribosomes and their function is to help in protein synthesis now apart from this we also saw that there is something known as chromosomes inside the nucleus right so this is important to understand here now this chromosome is what facilitates or acts as a control center so I want two minutes of your time where you're focusing on what I am saying because this is very very important right now chromosomes as we know are thread-shaped structures that are there all right so we see that they are like these Trend like structures that we find scattered inside the nucleus now these chromosomes are made up of the genetic material okay so they are made up of the genetic material which is nothing but DNA and I am talking about the human body right so it's very important to understand so they are made up of the DNA that stands for deoxyribonucleic acid all right so this is again very important to understand now why do we call it as the genetic material what is the reason behind this term genetic now the thing is that this DNA it's a long it's a very very long structure okay and it becomes highly coiled and thread-like and it forms you know your chromosomes or your chromatin material that is them now we see that there are certain sequences in the Jeep right now there are certain sequences in the DNA that code or that have the information for a particular character now focus on this because it can be confusing what do I mean by character character is nothing but color of hair color of eyes right maybe you know maybe how simple things like you know for example should the earlobes be free or they are fused yes so it's important to understand this okay so these are characters basically basically what makes us us now what happens is that these genes have the information for it which is why we call it as genetic material now the thing is the genetic material that is there or genes that are there so I'm going to write this down because this is very very important and it's going to solve a lot of doubts that you're constantly asking me which I can see on the chat right so the genes that are there is what we call as the unit of inheritance very very fancy word inheritance oh my God what is this inheritance is nothing but something we get from parent to child or as a bio student you will say Offspring which means they will be passed on from parent to offspring now how ma'am how is Gene which is there inside my I mean in our parents body coming to the child's body how is that happening that is something that happens through reproduction right so inside every individual's body we see that there are reproductive cells which are produced or what we call as gametes right and when these gametes come together they fuse they form a single cell now gametes have come from parrots which means information in terms of genetic material is there right and they'll come together and then this single cell will divide so during this process we see that genetic material is passed on right or this Gene is passed on which is transferred from parent to offspring and that's how we're able to inherit or get those characteristics from our parents right what is DNA DNA is nothing but deoxyribonucleic acid I'm gonna write this down somewhere so it is deoxy ribo new click asset are we cleared everybody with the role of what is gene what is chromosomes what is inheritance yes hello dial bhumika Golgi complex is a type of cell organelle okay it is a type of cell organelle it's very simple yes we are clear amazing because this is a little tricky concept I've tried to make it as simple as possible yes very good very good any doubts this is my doubt boat section any doubts you have so far so I'm spending my time and I want to make sure that you all understand right genes are segment of DNA yes they are or a better way Vijay is to say that they are sequences of DNA why do we have cell membrane also nuclear membrane because you see you have your cell then you have your nucleus inside your nucleus is the most important thing that's your chromosomes right and they need to be focused right or they need to be present in a certain place now imagine if we didn't have it everything will be scattered everywhere right again causes for not proper organization which is why we have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane to contain it yes one chika I will send you an image of the diagram of neuron in the telegram Channel okay discovery of nucleus was by Robert Brown right is that deeper than chromosomes what is gene so I'm going to write the definition of Gene down it is a sequence or a segment of DNA or you can say genetic material that codes or has information so I'm I'm trying to make it as easy as possible that has the information fall up a particular character or an easy ways to say feature yes are we clear why is plasma membrane also known as selectively permeable membrane because it allows only certain substances to pass through it and not all substances yes very good what is protoplasm thank you for reminding me I almost missed this out protoplasm includes all the living substances that we find inside the cell which means it includes your cytoplasm that includes all your cell organelles and your nucleus or your nucleoplasm yes are we clear one function of Golgi apparatus that is there Golgi apparatus is responsible it acts as a postman basically so whatever proteins are synthesized it will come to the Golgi apparatus where it will get packaged and it will be sent off to different parts okay tanu no problem no problem at all I'm going to wind this up very quickly because I I can see there's a lot of questions that are coming I'll try to answer as much as I can because I don't want to extend the session it's already nine o'clock so I don't want to take it take more time we have few more things to cover so I'm going to wind up very quickly okay now another thing you need to remember now that we know nucleus is there no So based on type of nucleus we have two kinds so we have two types of cells we have prokaryotic cell and we have eukaryotic cell now this is also very important now prokaryotic Pro means primitive right and carry on that is there means nucleus okay which means that prokaryotic cells are those cells which are made up of which have a primitive nucleus what does this mean it means that their nucleus or the new genetic material is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane all right and we see that it is found concentrated in a particular region and we call this region as the nucleoid region okay important thing to remember while in eukaryotic cell you hear means true and carry on means nucleus all right so in this case we see that they have a well-defined nucleus wherein the genetic material is found and closed right so we see that it is found enclosed by a nuclear membrane okay so main points of difference we see that they have a well-defined nucleus or a well-organized nucleus while on the other hand we see that in the I mean prokaryotes do not have a well-defined nucleus while eukaryotes we see that they have a proper well-defined nucleus yes so we see that mainly we observe in unicellular organisms by eukaryotic cells can either be you know unicellular or multi-cellular and these are some other points of course you can have a look at it I'll be sending you the PDF but these are two raw differences now an example for a prokaryotic cell is bacteria while in the case of animals any simple cell here could be an animal cell or a plant cell so now of course Very quickly what we're going to do is to look at some of the cell organelles that are there okay so now we have different kinds of cell organelles so we have endoplasmic reticulum which provides structure to the cell and we also see that it's responsible for protein synthesis Golgi apparatus that you are asking me about Golgi that is their acts as a trans it acts as a postman inside the cell right so we see that all the proteins are packaged and they are sent off lysosomes are responsible for getting rid of unwanted substances you have cytoplasm you have centrioles which help in cell division blue green algae is also an example of prokaryotic cell now more or less you have mitochondria which is the PowerHouse of the cell and energy is you know synthesized there and more or less you know animal cells and plant cells have some common organelles but plant cells have some exclusive organelles okay which means that they're exclusively found only in plants and not in animals and one such organelle is the plastids now plastids that are there are cell organelles which consist of some pigments and the most common example is chloroplast wherein we see that there is chlorophyll which is present inside it similarly we have vacuoles and a lot of you are asking me about vacuoles right so vacuoles are structures which are responsible for storage and we call these as the storage sacs of the cell and we see that large vacuoles are found in plant cells because a lot of storage takes place in Plants while in animals we see that the vacuoles are very small or almost not present ah is mitochondria make in yes it makes ATP is cell wall there in animals no is cell membrane a living organism so cell membrane is a part of a living component you could say yes all right everybody all right so very quickly to the last and the most important part of the chapter that is on the difference between plant and animal cells so by now we have figured out right plant cells and animal cells more or less the same but some differences exist plant cells have cell wall while your animal cells have no cell wall chloroplasts are present while chloroplasts are upset here we see that large vacuoles are present while here only few or no vacuoles are present so this here is very very important to remember but organelles like Golgi or maybe ER that is the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria are organelles that we will find on both yes so are we clear we have bound up the chapter on cell structure and function now I know that it's a one shot and I know that there'll be so many things that I could have gone in detail but this is a crisp easy version of the chapter are we clear everybody any more doubts yes so mitochondria that is there is a cell organelle which looks something like this okay and we call this as the PowerHouse of the cell why because we see that this is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP our log I missed your question can you send it to me once again yes gamer please tell me all clear I know we will do we'll have more classes where we will learn more about these organelles but this is very on an examination point of view that I have talked this chapter is rationalized by ncrt it's still part of ncrt okay yes it is so pseudopodia that are there are the false feet all right so in the case of amoeba we see that they don't have a well-defined shape right so we see that in this case we see that there are false feet that are there so they protrude and they form a false feet yes all right so our log I think because in some schools we are still you know there is still this chapter coming in for the examination I've just gone ahead and I'm you know taking it oh that's amazing they wish that's amazing yes all right okay but in some schools they are assessing it which is why we are also going ahead and helping with the preparation okay yes so again for mitochondria we see that mitochondria is a cell organelle which will look something like this and it acts as the PowerHouse of the cell which means that it helps in producing energy right and energy is in the form of energy molecules which we call as ATP we will have a separate menti class but in today we will not be having mentee okay yes everyone very good we will be having it very soon Shreya please do let me know in the chat okay so here's a homework question for everybody in the comment section do let me know the differences that we observe in plant cells and animal cells I will be assessing it and replying to all of your messages so very quickly everybody difference between plant and animal cells in the comment section and I will be sharing this PDF with you on telegram so if you are not part of our telegram Channel yet please make sure that you do subscribe to our telegram Channel link is there in the description and you know that no matter what by juice has got you covered so show us your love by liking this video sharing it with your friends and staying subscribed to our Channel yes xiaom one last time for you parts of the cell the basic components of cell include cell membrane cytoplasm and nucleus thank you so much avika I like the fact that you've enjoyed the live classes please do come please be regular if anything is there you can always you know watch it again right what is chromosomes they are thread-like structures which are present inside the nucleus all right so with this we come to the end of like the class I know today's class has gone very very long one not it's nine o'clock almost but thank you so much for staying with us this was the need of the art so we came up with it thank you so much everybody take care all the best for your exams and good night bye everyone