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How does ART impact mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
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ART reduces the viral load to a point that lowers the transmission risk to nearly 0% during pregnancy.
What is the significance of promoting supportive policies over punitive measures in HIV prevention?
Supportive policies encourage testing and treatment, reducing stigma and fear, which improves public health outcomes.
Why is maintaining a consistent ART regimen important for HIV patients?
It is crucial because ART must be taken consistently at the same time every day to be effective in preventing the virus from progressing to AIDS.
What role do contact tracing and the use of barriers play in preventing sexual transmission of HIV?
They help inform partners of exposure and reduce risk through the use of condoms, dental dams, and femidoms.
What challenges might a patient face in adhering to an ART regimen?
Challenges include the time-sensitive nature of the medication schedule and the difficulty in accessing medication.
What is the primary function of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in HIV treatment?
ART prevents viral genetic material from entering the nucleus of helper T lymphocytes, keeping the virus in a latent, inactive phase.
Why is ART not considered a cure for HIV?
ART is not a cure because interrupting treatment can increase the viral load, and it must be taken consistently to be effective.
What strategies can assist patients in maintaining ART adherence?
Using reminder apps can help patients adhere to the ART regimen by ensuring timely medication intake.
How does ART benefit helper T lymphocytes in HIV patients?
ART protects helper T lymphocytes from destruction, prevents progression to AIDS, and reduces the viral load, thereby increasing their concentration.
Explain how ART reduces the risk of sexual transmission of HIV.
By lowering the viral load to undetectable levels, ART reduces the risk of sexual transmission to 0%, even with unprotected sex.
What are the side effects associated with ART, and how might they impact patients?
ART can have side effects impacting the kidneys and liver, which may pose health risks or discomfort for patients.
How do initial symptoms of HIV contribute to challenges in diagnosis and treatment?
Initial symptoms are often mild or absent, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation.
What measures can prevent blood-related transmission of HIV?
Measures include blood testing and needle exchange programs to provide clean needles to IV drug users.
Discuss how societal attitudes towards HIV need to change to enhance prevention and treatment.
Societal attitudes should shift from stigma to a focus on treatment and prevention to promote health and safety.
What are some social and economic barriers to HIV treatment and prevention?
Barriers include stigma, fear of testing, potential job loss due to HIV diagnosis, and financial burdens associated with ART.
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