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What role does the joint capsule play in the glenohumeral joint?
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The joint capsule surrounds the glenohumeral joint, contains articular cartilage, produces synovial fluid, maintains intracapsular negative pressure, and has an axillary fold for flexibility.
Which bones form the glenohumeral joint?
The head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
What is the primary function of the glenoid labrum?
The glenoid labrum stabilizes the joint, increases the depth of the glenoid cavity by about 50%, and provides a suction effect to adhere the humeral head to the socket.
What is the result of the humeral head's limited articulation with the glenoid cavity at any given time?
The limited articulation results in high flexibility but low stability of the joint.
Which ligament connects the coracoid process to the humerus?
The coracohumeral ligament connects the coracoid process to the humerus.
Which ligament prevents upward dislocation of the humeral head?
The coracoacromial ligament prevents upward dislocation.
Describe the movement known as flexion in the glenohumeral joint.
Flexion is when the arm moves forward.
Explain the function of articular cartilage in the glenohumeral joint.
Articular cartilage prevents bone-on-bone contact by cushioning the ends of the bones within the joint.
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
The glenohumeral joint is a synovial joint, specifically a ball and socket joint.
How does the structure of the glenohumeral joint affect its flexibility and stability?
The glenohumeral joint is highly flexible but has low stability because only one-third of the humeral head articulates with the glenoid cavity at a time.
What is the analogy used to describe the articulation of the humeral head and glenoid cavity?
The articulation is compared to a golf ball on a tee, with the glenoid cavity as the tee and the humeral head as the golf ball.
What is the primary function of synovial fluid in the glenohumeral joint?
Synovial fluid lubricates the joint to reduce friction between the bones during movement.
Which ligament connects the coracoid process to the clavicle, and why is it important?
The coracoclavicular ligament connects the coracoid process to the clavicle. It anchors the clavicle and facilitates its articulation with the scapula, linking the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
What is medial (internal) rotation and in which views can it be demonstrated?
Medial (internal) rotation is when the humerus rotates medially. It can be demonstrated in lateral and anterior views.
How does the axillary fold of the joint capsule affect the glenohumeral joint?
The axillary fold allows flexibility but increases the risk of dislocation, especially inferiorly.
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